摘要：

探究基肥减量条件下喷施水杨酸(SA)对马铃薯生理和产量的影响,以期为激素调控提高马铃薯产量提供技术参考。以马铃薯品种东农310为试验材料,田间试验采用随机区组方法,设置常规基肥(T1)、基肥减量50%(T2)、基肥减量50%+喷施6.9 mg/L SA(T3)、基肥减量50%+喷施13.8 mg/L SA(T4)、基肥减量50%+喷施27.6 mg/L SA(T5)5个处理,分别于块茎形成前期、块茎形成后期、块茎增长期和淀粉积累期测样,测定植株株高、茎粗、叶绿素相对含量、光合参数、荧光动力学参数、冠层覆盖度及产量等。结果表明,在减肥处理下,喷施水杨酸能够促进马铃薯生长和提高单位面积产量。在同一时期的4个SA处理中,T3、T4处理可以提高马铃薯植株株高、茎粗、净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)、淀粉含量;T4、T5处理可以提高马铃薯冠层覆盖度、Fv/Fm、潜在最大相对电子传递速率(ETRmax)、半饱和光强(Ik)。喷施不同浓度 SA对减肥处理下马铃薯块茎产量有明显影响,T1、T3、T4、T5处理显著高于T2,提高了36.74%,27.35%,29.83%,22.96%。单株结薯数以T1处理最高,T4其次,二者差异不显著,T1、T3、T4处理较T2提高33.47%,28.28%,30.29%。单株产量T1、T3、T4、T5处理较T2提高35.19%, 27.87%, 28.76%, 23.39%。商品薯率T3、T4较T2提高3.67,3.72百分点,差异显著。综上所述,在基肥减量50%处理下外源SA可提高马铃薯叶片的Pn、Tr、Gs,提高单位面积产量,块茎形成前期喷施13.8 mg/L SA可有效缓解基肥减量对马铃薯生长和产量造成的不利影响。

关键词: 马铃薯, 基肥减量, 水杨酸, 光合作用, 产量

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of salicylic acid(SA)spraying on potato physiology and yield under reduced basal fertiliser conditions,with a view to providing technical reference for hormone regulation to improve potato yield.The potato variety Dongnong 310 was used as the test material,and the field experiment was conducted using the randomised block group method.Five treatments were set:conventional basal fertiliser(T1),50% reduction of basal fertiliser(T2),50% reduction of basal fertiliser+spraying of 6.9 mg/L SA(T3),50% reduction of basal fertiliser+spraying of 13.8 mg/L SA(T4)and 50% reduction of basal fertiliser+spraying of 27.6 mg/L SA(T5).Samples were taken at the early tuber formation,late tuber formation,tuber growth stage and starch accumulation stage,and plant height,stem thickness,relative chlorophyll content,photosynthetic parameters,fluorescence kinetic parameters,canopy coverage and yield were determined.The results showed that under weight loss treatment,spraying salicylic acid could promote potato growth and increase yield per unit area.Among the four SA treatments in the same period,T3 and T4 treatments could increase potato plant height,stem thickness,Net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Gs), photochemical quenching coefficient(qP)and starch content;and T4 and T5 treatments could increase potato canopy coverage,Fv/Fm,maximum electron transport rate(ETRmax), and half-saturated light intensity(Ik).Spraying different concentrations of SA had a significant effect on the yield of potato tuber under the weight-loss treatments,and T1,T3,T4,and T5 treatments were significantly higher than T2,increasing 36.74%,27.35%,29.83%,22.96%.The number of potatoes produced per plant was highest in T1 treatment,followed by T4,and the difference between the two was not significant,and T1,T3,and T4 treatments were 33.47%,28.28%,and 30.29% higher than T2.Single plant yield of T1,T3,T4 and T5 treatments increased by 35.19%,27.87%,28.76%,23.39% compared to T2.The commercial potato rate T3 and T4 increased by 3.67, 3.72 percentage points compared with T2,and the differences were significant.In summary,exogenous SA increased the Pn,Tr and Gs of potato leaves under 50% reduction of basal fertilizer treatment,and increased the yield per unit area,and the spraying of 13.8 mg/L SA in the pre-tuber formation stage could effectively alleviate the adverse effects of reduced basal fertilizer on the growth and yield of potato.

Key words: Potato, Base fertilizer reduction, Salicylic acid, Photosynthesis, Yield

中图分类号: 

• S532马铃薯(土豆)

• S14肥料学