摘要：

旨在明确外源甜菜碱(GB)对高温干旱复合胁迫(TD)下玉米幼苗叶片抗氧化系统及光合系统的调控机制,为缓解作物极端环境胁迫提供理论依据。以先玉335为材料,于三叶一心期对叶片喷施用不同浓度(0,50,100,200,400 mmol/L)GB溶液,24 h后,通过人工气候箱模拟高温(昼/夜温度40 ℃/28 ℃)并利用20% PEG-6000诱导中度干旱构建复合胁迫环境,探讨GB对TD下玉米幼苗叶片抗氧化系统及光合作用的调控效应。结果表明,100 mmol/L GB显著促进植株生长,与TD处理相比,玉米株高、叶面积、茎叶及根系干质量分别增加27.48%,27.45%,28.33%,78.26%,根冠比提高14.91百分点。在胁迫后5 d,100 mmol/L GB显著增强了抗氧化酶活性,其中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性分别显著提升69.09%,69.02%,41.81%;同时,丙二醛(MDA)、超氧阴离子($\mathrm{O}^{\bar{.}}_{2}$)和过氧化氢(H₂O₂)含量分别降低21.92%,6.50%,25.33%。此外,可溶性糖(SS)和可溶性蛋白(SP)含量分别提升31.69%,18.98%。光合特性分析显示,GB可有效改善叶绿体基粒和基质类囊体的片层系统结构,从而显著提升复合胁迫下叶片的SPAD值,并减轻胁迫对光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)反应中心的损伤,具体表现为初始荧光(F0)降低,可变荧光(Fv)和最大荧光(Fm)提高。此外,通过缓解复合胁迫引起的气孔与非气孔限制,100 mmol/L GB处理显著提升了叶片的光合性能,使胁迫后5 d的净光合速率(Pn)增加24.14%。综上,高温干旱复合胁迫下,外源GB可通过提高抗氧化酶活性和细胞渗透调节能力来保护光合系统,从而缓解胁迫伤害并促进玉米幼苗生长。

关键词: 玉米, 甜菜碱, 高温干旱复合胁迫, 抗氧化系统, 光合作用

Abstract:

This study aimed to clarify the regulatory mechanism of exogenous glycine betaine(GB)on the antioxidant and photosynthetic systems of maize seedling leaves under combined heat and drought stress(TD),providing a theoretical basis for alleviating crop stress under extreme environments.Using the maize variety Xianyu 335 as experimental material,different concentrations of GB(0,50,100,200,and 400 mmol/L)were applied to the leaves at the three-leaf-one-heart stage.After 24 hours,combined stress was simulated in a climate chamber with high temperature(day/night temperature of 40 ℃/28 ℃)and 20% PEG-6000 to induce moderate drought,exploring the regulatory effects of GB on the antioxidant system and photosynthesis of maize seedlings.The results showed that 100 mmol/L GB significantly promoted plant growth.Compared with the TD treatment,plant height,leaf area,shoot dry weight,and root dry weight increased by 27.48%,27.45%,28.33%,and 78.26%,respectively,while the root-to-shoot ratio increased by 14.91 percentage points.On the 5th day after stress,100 mmol/L GB significantly enhanced antioxidant enzyme activities,with superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT)activities increasing by 69.09%,69.02%,and 41.81%,respectively.Simultaneously,the contents of malondialdehyde(MDA),superoxide anion($\mathrm{O}^{\bar{.}}_{2}$),and hydrogen peroxide(H₂O₂)decreased by 21.92%,6.50%,and 25.33%,respectively.Furthermore,soluble sugar(SS)and soluble protein(SP)contents increased by 31.69% and 18.98%.Photosynthetic characterization analysis indicated that GB effectively improved the lamellar system structure of chloroplast grana and stroma thylakoids,thereby significantly increasing the SPAD value under combined stress and alleviating damage to the photosystem Ⅱ(PSⅡ)reaction center.This was manifested by a decrease in minimal fluorescence(F0)and increases in variable fluorescence(Fv)and maximum fluorescence(Fm).Additionally,by mitigating the stomatal and non-stomatal limitations caused by combined stress,GB treatment significantly enhanced photosynthetic performance,increasing the net photosynthetic rate(Pn)by 24.14% on the 5th day after stress.In conclusion,under combined heat and drought stress,exogenous GB can protect the photosynthetic system by enhancing antioxidant enzyme activities and osmotic adjustment capacity,thereby alleviating stress damage and promoting the growth of maize seedlings.

Key words: Maize, Glycine betaine, Combined heat and drought stress, Antioxidant system, Photosynthesis

中图分类号: 

• S513玉米(玉蜀黍)