不同光质配比对番茄幼苗生长、光合特性及抗氧化酶活性的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194442

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探明人工光源植物工厂中不同光质对番茄幼苗生长、光合特性及抗氧化酶活性的影响,在光强为200 μmol/(m²·s)的条件下,以蓝光LED为对照,在蓝光的基础上分别添加光强一致的绿光、红光、远红光和紫外线,探究不同光质组合处理下番茄幼苗的生长、光合以及抗氧化系统等指标的变化。结果表明,与对照蓝光处理相比,蓝光+远红光处理的番茄幼苗株高显著增加了34.54%。蓝光+红光处理的番茄幼苗的茎粗以及干鲜质量与对照相比均显著提高,分别提高了39.27%,25.58%,22.20%。蓝光+绿光处理下的番茄植株气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO₂浓度均高于其他处理。蓝光+红光处理下叶片的PS Ⅱ有效光化学量子产量、PS Ⅱ实际光化学量子产量、qP光化学猝灭系数均显著最高,比对照分别提高了4.30%,0.97%,1.87%。此外,蓝光+绿光、蓝光+红光处理显著提高植株的抗氧化酶活性,同时显著降低植株的丙二醛、活性氧自由基和过氧化氢含量。其中,蓝光+红光处理下的番茄幼苗丙二醛含量与对照相比显著下降了50.64%,而超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶活性则显著上升了15.44%,25.00%,21.65%。综上所述,蓝光+红光照射不仅有利于番茄幼苗壮苗培育,而且有利于提高叶片PS Ⅱ活性,进而提高光合性能,同时蓝光+红光还可以使番茄植株维持较高的抗氧化酶水平,提高番茄植株的抗氧化能力。

关键词: 番茄, LED补光, 生长, 光合作用, 抗氧化酶活性

Abstract:

This study was carried out to understand the effect of different light quality treatment on the growth,photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities of tomato seedlings in artificial light plant factory.The trial was conducted at a light intensity of 200 μmol/(m²·s),with blue LED light(B)as control.Green light(G),red light(R),far red light(Fr),or ultraviolet light(UV)with consistent light intensity was added on the basis of blue light to clarify the growth,photosynthetic and antioxidant enzyme activities of tomato seedlings under different light quality combinations.The results showed that compared with control,the height of tomato seedlings under B+Fr treatment was significantly improved,increased by 34.54%.B+R treatment significantly increased the stem diameter and dry and fresh weight of tomato seedlings by 39.27%,25.58% and 22.20%,respectively compared with B.The intercellular CO₂ concentration and stomatal conductance(Gs)of tomato seedlings under B+G treatment were higher than other treatments.Besides,B+R treated seedlings had the highest effective photochemical quantum yield of PS Ⅱ,the actual photochemical quantum yield of PSⅡ and the photochemical quenching coefficient,increased by 4.30%,0.97% and 1.87%,respectively compared with the control.Furthermore,B+G,B+R treatment significantly increased the antioxidant enzymes activity,and significantly decreased the content of malondialdehyde(MDA),reactive oxygen species and hydrogen peroxide in tomato seedlings.Thereinto,MDA content of B+R treated seedlings was 50.64% lower than B treatment,while SOD,POD and APX activities were 15.44%,25.00% and 21.65% higher than B treatment,respectively.Taken together,B+R treatment was not only conducive to the cultivation of strong tomato seedlings,but also helped improving PSⅡ activity of leaves,thus enhancing photosynthetic performance.Meanwhile,B+R light treatment could also maintain a high level of antioxidant enzyme activity in tomato plants and improved the antioxidant capacity of tomato plants.

Key words: Tomato, LED supplementary lighting, Growth, Photosynthesis, Antioxidant enzyme activity

中图分类号:

S641.2

徐少南, 李莹, 叶林, 曹凯, 吴翠南. 不同光质配比对番茄幼苗生长、光合特性及抗氧化酶活性的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(S1): 121-129. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194442.

XU Shaonan, LI Ying, YE Lin, CAO Kai, WU Cuinan. Effects of Different Light Quality Treatments on the Growth,Photosynthetic Characteristics and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity of Tomato Seedlings[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(S1): 121-129. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194442.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2025/V40/IS1/121

图/表 6

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不同光质处理 Different light quality treatment	株高/cm Plant height	茎粗/mm Stem diameter	叶片数 Number of leaves	叶面积/cm² Leaf area	全株干质量/g Dry weight	全株鲜质量/g Fresh weight
蓝光B	7.99±0.77b	1.91±0.27b	4.60±0.52b	7.16±0.97b	0.43±0.02c	3.83±0.64b
蓝光+绿光B+G	7.37±0.14c	2.53±0.20a	5.10±0.32a	7.51±0.93b	0.50±0.01b	4.61±0.74a
蓝光+红光B+R	6.85±0.41c	2.66±0.39a	4.90±0.32ab	5.73±0.89c	0.54±0.02a	4.68±0.47a
蓝光+远红光B+Fr	10.75±0.93a	0.97±0.21c	4.10±0.32c	8.66±1.61a	0.28±0.02d	2.26±0.32c
蓝光+紫外线B+UV	4.38±0.38d	0.86±0.20c	4.10±0.32c	3.95±0.55d	0.18±0.02e	1.68±0.32d

不同光质处理 Different light quality treatment	株高/cm Plant height	茎粗/mm Stem diameter	叶片数 Number of leaves	叶面积/cm² Leaf area	全株干质量/g Dry weight	全株鲜质量/g Fresh weight
蓝光B	7.99±0.77b	1.91±0.27b	4.60±0.52b	7.16±0.97b	0.43±0.02c	3.83±0.64b
蓝光+绿光B+G	7.37±0.14c	2.53±0.20a	5.10±0.32a	7.51±0.93b	0.50±0.01b	4.61±0.74a
蓝光+红光B+R	6.85±0.41c	2.66±0.39a	4.90±0.32ab	5.73±0.89c	0.54±0.02a	4.68±0.47a
蓝光+远红光B+Fr	10.75±0.93a	0.97±0.21c	4.10±0.32c	8.66±1.61a	0.28±0.02d	2.26±0.32c
蓝光+紫外线B+UV	4.38±0.38d	0.86±0.20c	4.10±0.32c	3.95±0.55d	0.18±0.02e	1.68±0.32d

不同光质处理 Different light quality treatment	PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量Fv/Fm	PSⅡ有效光化学量子产量Fv'/Fm'	实际光化学量子产量PSⅡ	非光化学猝灭 NPQ	光化学猝灭 qP
蓝光B	0.800±0.003b	0.743±0.004a	0.718±0.003a	1.020±0.006a	0.960±0.003a
蓝光+绿光B+G	0.804±0.012ab	0.748±0.015a	0.717±0.008a	1.036±0.020a	0.958±0.011a
蓝光+红光B+R	0.807±0.004ab	0.775±0.014a	0.725±0.005a	1.041±0.011a	0.978±0.017a
蓝光+远红光B+Fr	0.817±0.007a	0.694±0.052b	0.614±0.081b	1.030±0.144a	0.862±0.055b
蓝光+紫外光B+UV	0.805±0.004ab	0.738±0.009ab	0.704±0.010a	1.066±0.022a	0.955±0.010a

不同光质处理 Different light quality treatment	PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量Fv/Fm	PSⅡ有效光化学量子产量Fv'/Fm'	实际光化学量子产量PSⅡ	非光化学猝灭 NPQ	光化学猝灭 qP
蓝光B	0.800±0.003b	0.743±0.004a	0.718±0.003a	1.020±0.006a	0.960±0.003a
蓝光+绿光B+G	0.804±0.012ab	0.748±0.015a	0.717±0.008a	1.036±0.020a	0.958±0.011a
蓝光+红光B+R	0.807±0.004ab	0.775±0.014a	0.725±0.005a	1.041±0.011a	0.978±0.017a
蓝光+远红光B+Fr	0.817±0.007a	0.694±0.052b	0.614±0.081b	1.030±0.144a	0.862±0.055b
蓝光+紫外光B+UV	0.805±0.004ab	0.738±0.009ab	0.704±0.010a	1.066±0.022a	0.955±0.010a

不同光质处理 Different light quality treatment	SOD/ (U/g)	POD/ (U/g)	APX/ (U/g)	MDA/ (mol/g)	H₂O₂/ (μmol/g)	${\mathrm{O}}_{2}^{-}$/ (ng/g)
蓝光B	894.77±51.17c	2.24±0.15b	731.15±24.77b	78.24±4.32c	0.35±0.02b	2 185.45±165.95d
蓝光+绿光B+G	1 165.68±63.33a	2.81±0.12a	879.08±30.76a	75.98±4.75c	0.34±0.02b	2 429.54±141.02c
蓝光+红光B+R	1 032.93±72.04b	2.80±0.12a	889.42±21.50a	38.62±4.74d	0.35±0.02b	2 319.53±174.03cd
蓝光+远红光B+Fr	779.83±60.97d	2.87±0.13a	645.23±23.67c	118.93±3.09a	0.33±0.03b	2 931.47±120.69b
蓝光+紫外光B+UV	779.83±62.60d	1.38±0.13c	616.81±19.91c	113.05±3.43b	0.41±0.03a	3 141.19±106.94a

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