摘要：

为充分发挥叶面肥在提升大豆产量方面的效应,研究了叶面肥喷施次数和时期对大豆生长、光合、产量及品质的影响。结果表明,F1(始花期喷施)相比F2(始荚期喷施)和F3(始粒期喷施)有利于提高单株鲜叶质量、单株干叶质量、根鲜质量、根干质量、根鲜质量生长速率、根干质量生长速率和群体干物质积累速率,喷施2次叶面肥F4(始花期+始荚期)、F5(始花期+始粒期)、F6(始荚期+始粒期)在改善上述指标方面优于喷施1次叶面肥处理F1、F2和F3。喷施1次叶面肥以F2最利于增加叶绿素含量和光合速率,而冠层光合有效辐射以F1最高;喷施2次叶面肥的叶绿素含量、光合速率和冠层光合有效辐射以F4最高,其中F4鼓粒期叶绿素含量和冠层光合有效辐射分别比F1、F2和F3显著增加了8.22%,7.08%,9.89%和9.25%,13.36%,16.78%。喷施2次叶面肥相比喷施1次可显著提高大豆群体干物质量,喷施1次和2次叶面肥相比CK产量增幅分别为82.34~327.86 kg/hm²,318.91~463.98 kg/hm²。喷施2次相比喷施1次叶面肥虽有利于提高大豆籽粒蛋白质含量,但效果不显著,始花期+始荚期喷施叶面肥最利于提高蛋白质含量。综合来看,喷施1次叶面肥以始花期喷施最利于改善大豆生长、光合特性和产量,而始荚期喷施最利于改善蛋白质含量,喷施2次叶面肥以始花期+始荚期喷施效果最好。

关键词: 大豆, 叶面肥, 生长速率, 光合速率, 籽粒品质

Abstract:

To fully utilize the effect of foliar fertilizer on increasing soybean yield,an experiment was conducted to study the effects of foliar fertilizer application frequency and timing on soybean growth,photosynthesis,yield and grain quality.The results showed that F1 (spraying at the beginning of flowering stage)was more beneficial than F2 (spraying at the beginning of pod stage)and F3(spraying at the beginning of filling stage)for increasing fresh leaf weight per plant,dry leaf weight per plant,fresh root weight,dry root weight,fresh root weight growth rate,dry root weight growth rate and dry matter accumulation rate of population,and spraying foliar fertilizer twice F4 (initial of flowering stage+initial of pod stage),F5 (initial of flowering stage+initial of filling stage),F6 (initial of pod stage+initial of filling stage)in improving the above indexes were better than spraying foliar fertilizer once F1,F2,and F3.Spraying foliar fertilizer once F2 was the most beneficial for increasing chlorophyll content and photosynthetic rate,while F1 had the highest canopy photosynthetically active radiation;spraying foliar fertilizer twice F4 had the highest values of chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate and canopy photosynthetically active radiation,compared to F1,F2,and F3,F4 significantly increased chlorophyll content and canopy photosynthetically active radiation at filling stage by 8.22%,7.08%,9.89% and 9.25%,13.36%,16.78%,respectively.Compared to spraying foliar fertilizer once,spraying foliar fertilizer twice significantly increased the dry weight of soybean population,and compared to CK,spraying foliar fertilizer once and twice could enhance yield by 82.34—327.86 kg/ha and 318.91—463.98 kg/ha,respectively.Although spraying foliar fertilizer twice was more beneficial for increasing the protein content of soybean grain when compared to spraying foliar fertilizer once,the effect was insignificant,spraying foliar fertilizer at the initial of flowering stage+initial of pod stage was the most effective way to increase protein content.Overall,spraying foliar fertilizer once at the beginning of the flowering period was the most beneficial for improving soybean growth,photosynthetic characteristics and yield,while spraying at the beginning of the pod stage was the most beneficial for improving protein content,and spraying foliar fertilizer twice at the beginning of flowering stage+beginning of the pod stage had the best effect.

Key words: Soybean, Foliar fertilizer, Growth rate, Photosynthetic rate, Grain quality

中图分类号: 

• S565.1

• Q945植物生理学