摘要：

为了探究盐胁迫对设施黄瓜生长发育及品质的影响,2023-2024年度在北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心连栋玻璃温室内,以中农126号黄瓜为试验材料,在开花期开始进行盐处理,设置在营养液中添加0(对照),25,50,100 mmol/L NaCl共4个处理,分析不同浓度NaCl处理对设施黄瓜生长发育、光合特性、抗氧化酶活性、果实品质及产量的影响。结果表明:随着NaCl浓度的升高,黄瓜株高降低,茎粗差异不显著,叶面积减小;叶片光合色素含量和净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)逐渐降低;胞间CO₂浓度(Ci)逐渐升高;非光化学猝灭系数(NPQ)则呈先增后降的趋势,在T2处理下最高。超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性均呈现先增加后降低趋势,除SOD外,POD、CAT活性均在25 mmol/L NaCl浓度处理下最高,与CK相比,分别提高38.73%和95.18%;H₂O₂含量逐渐升高。随着NaCl浓度增加,瓜长缩短且瓜头部变尖,果实畸形率有所增加。维生素C含量呈先增后减的变化趋势,且在T1处理下表现最好,显著优于对照组。可溶性固形物含量在各处理间无显著差异;盐处理致使黄瓜产量显著降低,较之对照,下降38.89%~81.35%。基于产量与品质的综合评估,建议中农126号黄瓜采用25 mmol/L NaCl处理,可显著改善果实品质。后续研究将着重优化栽培技术,在保障品质的同时提高植株耐盐性,实现产量提升,为优质黄瓜生产提供技术支持。

关键词: 黄瓜, 盐胁迫, 生长发育, 品质

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effects of salt stress on the growth,development and quality of facility cucumbers,salt treatment was carried out on Zhongnong 126 cucumber in the multi-storey glass greenhouse of Vegetable Research Center of Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences from 2023 to 2024.Four treatments of 0(control),25,50 and 100 mmol/L NaCl were added into the nutrient solution to analyze the effects of different concentrations of NaCl treatment on growth and development,photosynthetic characteristics,antioxidant enzyme activity,fruit quality and yield of cucumber.The results showed that with the increase of NaCl concentration,cucumber plant height decreased,stem diameter had no significant difference,and leaf area decreased.Leaf photosynthetic pigment content,Net photosynthetic rate(Pn), stomatal conductance(Gs), transpiration rate(Tr), maximum photochemical efficiency(Fv/Fm),photochemical quenching coefficient(qP)decreased gradually. Intercellular CO₂ concentration(Ci)gradually increased; Non-photochemical quenching coefficient(NPQ) increased first and then decreased, and was highest under T2 treatment. The activities of Superoxide dismutase(SOD), peroxidase(POD), catalase(CAT)increased and then decreased.Except SOD,the activities of POD and CAT were the highest at 25 mmol/L NaCl concentration,which were 38.73% and 95.18% higher than CK,respectively.The content of H₂O₂ increased gradually.With the increase of NaCl concentration,the melon length shortened and the melon head pointed,and the fruit deformity rate increased.The vitamin C content increased first and then decreased, and it performed best under T1 treatment, which was significantly better than the control group. There was no significant difference in soluble solid content among different treatments.Salt treatment significantly reduced the yield of cucumber by 38.89%-81.35% compared with control.Based on the comprehensive evaluation of yield and quality,it is suggested that Zhongnong 126 cucumber should be treated with 25 mmol/L NaCl,which can significantly improve fruit quality.Subsequent research will focus on optimizing cultivation techniques,improving plant salt tolerance while ensuring quality,achieving yield improvement,and providing technical support for high-quality cucumber production.

Key words: Cucumber, Salt stress, Growth and development, Quality

中图分类号: 

• S642.2