摘要：

为了探明不同采收期酿酒葡萄果实和葡萄酒中酚类物质的差异,以宁夏贺兰山东麓产区3种成熟度(23,25,27 °Brix)为采收期对北玫葡萄果实进行采收并酿造葡萄酒,测定果实与葡萄酒基本理化指标和酚类物质含量,并对23,25°Brix 2个成熟度果实进行转录组测序分析。结果表明,随采收时间后移,北玫葡萄果粒百粒质量与可滴定酸显著递减,而可溶性总糖、单宁、花色苷、总酚质量浓度及糖酸比显著递增,各指标间差异均达显著水平;葡萄酒的酒精度、总酚和单宁含量也随采收期延长而显著升高,可滴定酸、挥发酸和花色苷含量变化不大;葡萄果实和葡萄酒中酚酸、黄酮醇含量随采收期延长整体呈升高趋势,黄烷醇含量波动变化,是主要的酚类物质,在T2和W2时达到最大值,对转录组数据进行差异表达基因分析得到1 316个DEGs,其中598个上调,718个下调;KEGG通路分析得到DEGs主要富集的4个与酚类物质合成相关通路,分别为黄酮类化合物生物合成、苯丙氨酸代谢、苯丙烷类生物合成和黄酮与黄酮醇生物合成,其中PAL和CHS是关键的DEGs。综上,随着采收期延长,葡萄果实和葡萄酒品质提高,酚类物质含量增加,PAL和CHS上调表达,为酿造不同类型葡萄酒的原料选择和酚类物质合成相关基因的挖掘提供一定理论依据和基础。

关键词: 酿酒葡萄, 单体酚, 转录组分析, 葡萄酒, 品质

Abstract:

In order to investigate the differences of phenolic substances in wine grape berries and wines at different harvesting periods,three maturity levels (23,25 and 27 °Brix) were set as harvesting periods for Beimei wine grape berries in the eastern foothills of the Helan Mountains in Ningxia,and the basic physical and chemical indexes and phenolic substance contents of berries and wines were analyzed by transcriptome sequencing.Physicochemical indexes and phenolic content were measured,and transcriptome sequencing analysis was performed on the fruit at 23 and 25 °Brix.The results showed that the 100-grape weight and titratable acid content of Beimei fruits decreased with the prolongation of the harvesting period,while the total soluble sugar,tannin,anthocyanin,total phenol content and sugar-acid ratio showed an increasing trend,with significant differences in different periods.The alcoholic content,total phenol and tannin content of wines also increased with the prolongation of harvest period,and the titratable acid,volatile acid and anthocyanin content varied with different periods.Acid,volatile acid and anthocyanin content did not change much;the phenolic acid and flavonol content of grape berries and wine showed an overall increasing trend with the prolongation of the harvest period,and the flavanol content fluctuated and changed,which was the main phenolics,reaching the maximum value at T2 and W2.Transcriptomic analysis revealed 1 316 DEGs,including 598 upregulated and 718 downregulated genes.KEGG pathway analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were primarily enriched in four pathways associated with phenolic compound biosynthesis,which are flavonoid biosynthesis,phenylalanine metabolism,phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoid and flavonol biosynthesis,among which PAL and CHS were the main differentially expressed genes.In summary,as the harvest period extends,the quality of grape fruit and wine improves,the content of phenolic compounds increases,and the expression of PAL and CHS was up-regulated,providing a theoretical basis and foundation for the selection of raw materials for brewing different types of wine and the mining of genes related to phenolic synthesis.

Key words: Wine grapes, Monomeric phenols, Transcriptome analysis, Wine, Quality

中图分类号: 

• S663.1