氮硒肥配施对油用亚麻非结构性碳水化合物及产量和品质的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195663

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究氮硒肥配施对油用亚麻非结构性碳水化合物、产量及品质的影响,以陇亚11号为供试材料,采用田间二因素裂区试验,研究了氮肥(N0:0 kg/hm²、N1:75 kg/hm²、N2:150 kg/hm²)和硒肥(Se:0 g/hm²、Se1:30 g/hm²、Se2:60 g/hm²)配合施用对旱地油用亚麻非结构性碳水化合物、产量及品质的影响。结果表明:随生育进程的推进,油用亚麻茎秆和叶片可溶性糖含量均逐渐降低,茎秆淀粉含量则相反。同一硒肥水平下,施氮显著提高了茎叶可溶性糖含量、淀粉含量、干物质积累量、分枝数、有效果数、果粒数、产量及籽粒蛋白质和油酸含量,在N2水平下达最高,且成熟期增幅较大。不同施氮水平下,N1和N2配施硒肥显著增加了茎叶可溶性糖含量和淀粉含量,提高了干物质积累量、分枝数、有效果数、果粒数、千粒质量、籽粒产量、籽粒蛋白质含量、含油率、油酸和木酚素含量。各处理中,N2Se1处理显著提高了成熟期茎叶可溶性糖、淀粉含量和干物质积累量,且有效果数、果粒数和千粒质量均显著高于其他处理,其中较N2Se0处理显著增加了12.35%,3.89%,4.18%,籽粒油酸含量较其他处理显著高出2.44%~25.64%,籽粒产量达1 700.50 kg/hm²。综上,150 kg/hm²氮肥与30 g/hm²硒肥配施可显著增加试区油用亚麻茎叶非结构性碳水化合物含量和干物质积累量,提高籽粒产量和油酸含量,改善品质。

关键词: 油用亚麻, 氮硒肥, 非结构性碳水化合物, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of combined nitrogen and selenium fertilizer application on non-structural carbohydrates, yield, and quality of oil flax, this study utilized Longya 11 as the test material.A two-factor split-plot field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of nitrogen fertilizer(N0:0 kg/ha,N1:75 kg/ha,N2:150 kg/ha)and selenium fertilizer(Se:0 g/ha,Se1:30 g/ha,Se2:60 g/ha)on oil flax non-structural carbohydrates,grain yield and quality of oil flax under dryland conditions.The results showed that the content of soluble sugar of stems and leaves decreased gradually with the advancement of growth,while the content of starch of stems was the opposite.Under the same selenium fertilizer level,nitrogen fertilization significantly increased the soluble sugar and starch content of stems and leaves,dry matter accumulation,branch number,valid fruits,seed number grain,yield,and seed protein and oleic acid content,and the N2 level had the highest value,and the increase was greater at maturity stage.Under different nitrogen application levels,the combined application of N1 or N2 and selenium fertilizer significantly increased the soluble sugar and starch content of stems and leaves,the dry matter accumulation,branch number,valid fruits,seed number,1000-seed weight,grain yield,protein,oil content,lignans,and oleic acid content.Among the treatments,N2Se1 treatment significantly increased soluble sugar,starch content of stems and leaves and dry matter accumulation at maturity,and the valid fruits,seed number,and the 1000-grain weight were significantly higher than those of other treatments,which were 12.35%,3.89%,4.18% significantly higher than those of N2Se0 treatment,respectively.The oleic acid content of seed of N2Se1 was significantly higher than that of other treatments by 2.44%—25.64%,and the seed yield reached 1 700.50 kg/ha.The results showed that the combined application of 150 kg/ha nitrogen fertilizer and 30 g/ha selenium fertilizer could significantly increase the non-structural carbohydrate content and dry matter accumulation of oil flax stems and leaves in the test area,increase seed yield and oleic acid content,and improve quality.

Key words: Oil flax, Nitrogen and selenium fertilizers, Non-structural carbohydrate, Yield, Quality

中图分类号:

S563.2

王瑞珺, 高玉红, 马幸康, 刘沁芸, 文明, 薛文芳, 王海娣, 范鑫, 剡斌, 王一帆, 李亚莉. 氮硒肥配施对油用亚麻非结构性碳水化合物及产量和品质的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(5): 134-142. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195663.

WANG Ruijun, GAO Yuhong, MA Xingkang, LIU Qinyun, WEN Ming, XUE Wenfang, WANG Haidi, FAN Xin, YAN Bin, WANG Yifan, LI Yali. Effects of Combined Nitrogen and Selenium Fertilizer Application on Non-structural Carbohydrates,Grain Yield and Quality of Oil Flax[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(5): 134-142. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195663.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2025/V40/I5/134

图/表 8

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处理 Treatment		分茎数 Stem number	分枝数 Branch number	有效果数 Valid fruit number	无效果数 Invalid fruit number	果粒数 Seed number	千粒质量/g 1000-seed weight
N0	Se0	1.07±0.11a	6.07±0.41c	8.87±0.80bc	0.73±0.28bc	7.20±0.52b	7.64±0.32a
	Se1	1.20±0.19a	6.66±0.23bc	7.66±0.50c	1.33±0.30abc	8.40±0.87a	6.87±0.25c
	Se2	1.13±0.11a	6.07±0.30c	7.67±1.20c	1.60±0.19ab	7.93±0.64ab	7.55±0.42ab
N1	Se0	1.00±0.00a	6.47±0.83bc	9.73±0.64a	0.80±0.72bc	8.53±0.46a	7.05±0.46bc
	Se1	1.13±0.11a	7.27±0.50ab	9.80±0.39a	1.60±0.91ab	8.73±0.80a	7.48±0.14ab
	Se2	1.27±0.30a	8.13±0.70a	9.13±1.33bc	1.87±0.46a	8.53±0.30a	7.39±0.22ab
N2	Se0	1.33±0.30a	8.10±0.95a	12.46±1.10a	1.53±0.57ab	8.73±0.70a	7.40±0.04ab
	Se1	1.07±0.11a	7.93±0.30a	14.00±1.24a	0.53±0.23c	9.07±0.94a	7.71±0.22a
	Se2	1.20±0.20a	8.13±0.50a	12.93±1.74a	0.93±0.50abc	9.00±0.34a	7.51±0.02ab
N		0.38	21.63^**	52.15^**	1.49	4.14^*	1.92
Se		0.38	2.30	0.70	1.73	0.35	1.97
N×Se		1.50	2.55	1.23	3.35^*	2.39	3.90^*

处理 Treatment		分茎数 Stem number	分枝数 Branch number	有效果数 Valid fruit number	无效果数 Invalid fruit number	果粒数 Seed number	千粒质量/g 1000-seed weight
N0	Se0	1.07±0.11a	6.07±0.41c	8.87±0.80bc	0.73±0.28bc	7.20±0.52b	7.64±0.32a
	Se1	1.20±0.19a	6.66±0.23bc	7.66±0.50c	1.33±0.30abc	8.40±0.87a	6.87±0.25c
	Se2	1.13±0.11a	6.07±0.30c	7.67±1.20c	1.60±0.19ab	7.93±0.64ab	7.55±0.42ab
N1	Se0	1.00±0.00a	6.47±0.83bc	9.73±0.64a	0.80±0.72bc	8.53±0.46a	7.05±0.46bc
	Se1	1.13±0.11a	7.27±0.50ab	9.80±0.39a	1.60±0.91ab	8.73±0.80a	7.48±0.14ab
	Se2	1.27±0.30a	8.13±0.70a	9.13±1.33bc	1.87±0.46a	8.53±0.30a	7.39±0.22ab
N2	Se0	1.33±0.30a	8.10±0.95a	12.46±1.10a	1.53±0.57ab	8.73±0.70a	7.40±0.04ab
	Se1	1.07±0.11a	7.93±0.30a	14.00±1.24a	0.53±0.23c	9.07±0.94a	7.71±0.22a
	Se2	1.20±0.20a	8.13±0.50a	12.93±1.74a	0.93±0.50abc	9.00±0.34a	7.51±0.02ab
N		0.38	21.63^**	52.15^**	1.49	4.14^*	1.92
Se		0.38	2.30	0.70	1.73	0.35	1.97
N×Se		1.50	2.55	1.23	3.35^*	2.39	3.90^*

项目 Item	产量 Yield	分茎数 Stem number	分枝数 Branch number	有效果数 Effective capsule	无效果数 Ineffective capsule	果粒数 Seed number per pod	千粒质量 1000-grain weight
产量Yield	1.00
分茎数Stem number	0.08	1.00
分枝数Branch number	0.65^**	0.32	1.00
有效果数Effective capsule	0.72^**	0.16	0.60^**	1.00
无效果数Ineffective capsule	-0.12	0.29	0.19	-0.32	1.00
果粒数Seed number per pod	0.38^*	-0.24	0.05	0.19	-0.19	1.00
千粒质量1000-grain weight	0.23	0.09	0.08	0.32	-0.21	0.21	1.00

项目 Item	产量 Yield	分茎数 Stem number	分枝数 Branch number	有效果数 Effective capsule	无效果数 Ineffective capsule	果粒数 Seed number per pod	千粒质量 1000-grain weight
产量Yield	1.00
分茎数Stem number	0.08	1.00
分枝数Branch number	0.65^**	0.32	1.00
有效果数Effective capsule	0.72^**	0.16	0.60^**	1.00
无效果数Ineffective capsule	-0.12	0.29	0.19	-0.32	1.00
果粒数Seed number per pod	0.38^*	-0.24	0.05	0.19	-0.19	1.00
千粒质量1000-grain weight	0.23	0.09	0.08	0.32	-0.21	0.21	1.00

处理 Treatments
N0	Se0	21.53±0.94bcd	40.50±0.13bc	9.67±0.59abc
	Se1	20.08±0.47d	41.01±0.34bc	10.46±0.41a
	Se2	20.68±0.71cd	40.97±0.43bc	10.39±0.57a
N1	Se0	21.46±1.60bcd	41.38±0.40ab	9.46±0.88abc
	Se1	22.04±0.85abc	41.52±0.37ab	10.23±0.80a
	Se2	21.88±1.25abc	41.40±0.04ab	9.76±0.23ab
N2	Se0	23.04±1.02ab	41.64±0.56ab	9.10±0.17bc
	Se1	23.47±0.32a	42.10±0.59a	9.16±0.21bc
	Se2	23.15±0.55ab	42.06±0.18a	8.66±0.51c
N		^*	NS	NS
Se		NS	NS	NS
N×Se		NS	NS	NS

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