摘要：

为研究不同施氮量对水稻产量、吸氮量、土壤肥力情况的影响,以水稻品种富源4号为试材,在2021—2023年研究不同施氮水平对引黄灌区水稻产量和氮肥利用效率及土壤耕层肥力的影响。施氮360 kg/hm²处理较其他处理产量有显著增加,平均产量9.4 t/hm²,较不施氮处理增加182.94%,较施氮210,240 kg/hm²产量增加40.72%,26.34%。从产量构成因子来看,产量增加主要是穗粒数及有效穗数增加,过量施氮会造成千粒质量降低。对3 a结果进行平均,氮肥利用率以施氮240 kg/hm²处理最高达26.93%,氮肥偏生产力随着施氮量增加而降低。各处理有机质以施氮210 kg/hm²处理平均值最高为18.60 g/kg。各施氮处理较不施氮处理土壤全氮含量增加7.61%~15.67%,随着试验年份增加,施氮360 kg/hm²处理土壤全氮含量降低。施氮360 kg/hm²处理土壤全磷含量逐渐降低,其他施氮处理维持在0.85 g/kg左右。施氮处理随着施氮量增加,全钾含量逐渐降低,施氮360 kg/hm²处理较施氮120,210,240 kg/hm²处理分别降低23.74%,22.16%,8.85%。 土壤速效磷随试验年限呈上升趋势,各处理间随时间变化幅度增加,随着施氮量增加呈先升高后降低趋势,施氮240 kg/hm²处理在2023年较其他处理土壤速效磷显著增加。各处理土壤速效钾随试验年限变化不明显。综合考虑作物产量、氮肥利用率和土壤肥力,施氮240 kg/hm²可平衡环境和生产要求。

关键词: 水稻, 引黄灌区, 施氮量, 土壤肥力

Abstract:

In order to study the effects of different nitrogen application rates on rice yield,nitrogen uptake and soil fertility,the effects of different nitrogen application levels on rice yield,nitrogen use efficiency and soil tillage fertility in the Yellow River Irrigation Area were studied from 2021 to 2023 using rice variety Fuyuan 4 as the test material.Compared with other treatments,the average yield of 360 kg/ha was 9.4 t/ha,which was 182.94% higher than that of no nitrogen treatment,and 40.72% and 26.34% higher than that of 210,240 kg/ha.From the perspective of yield components,the increase in yield was mainly due to the increase of grain number per spike and the number of effective spikes,and excessive nitrogen application would cause the decrease of 1000-grain weight.The average of the 3-year results showed that the nitrogen use efficiency was up to 26.93% with 240 kg/ha of nitrogen,and the partial productivity of nitrogen fertilizer decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate.The highest average value of organic matter was 18.60 g/kg after nitrogen application of 210 kg/ha.Compared with the non-nitrogen application treatment,the soil total nitrogen content of each nitrogen application treatment increased by 7.61%—15.67%,and the soil total nitrogen content of the 360 kg/ha nitrogen application treatment decreased with the increase of the experimental year.The total phosphorus content of soil was gradually reduced in the 360 kg/ha nitrogen application treatment,and the total phosphorus content in other nitrogen application treatments was maintained at about 0.85 g/kg.The total potassium content of nitrogen fertilization treatments gradually decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate,and the total potassium content of the 360 kg/ha nitrogen application treatment decreased by 23.74%,22.16% and 8.85%,respectively,compared with the nitrogen fertilization treatments of 120,210 and 240 kg/ha.Soil available phosphorus increased with the years of the experiment,and the variation range between treatments increased with time.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,soil available phosphorus increased first and then decreased,and the soil available phosphorus of the 240 kg/ha treatment increased significantly in 2023 compared with other treatments.The soil available potassium of each treatment did not change significantly with the test years.By considering crop yield,nitrogen use efficiency and soil fertility,nitrogen application of 240 kg/ha could balance the environment and production requirements.

Key words: Rice, Yellow River Irrigation Area, Nitrogen application rate, Soil fertility

中图分类号: 

• S511稻

• S158