花期低温胁迫对寒地水稻花粉粒及剑叶超微结构的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20193881

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究低温对寒地水稻花粉粒及剑叶超微结构的影响,以寒地耐冷性强的水稻品种空育131、龙粳25和耐冷性差的品种龙粳11、龙粳28为材料,在开花期进行低温处理(13,15,17 ℃),样品采用扫描和透射电镜进行观察并拍照。结果表明:低温胁迫下空育131、龙粳11、龙粳25水稻花粉粒表面的网状雕纹变化明显,水稻花粉粒表面的网状雕纹由深变浅,表面突起减少,使得花粉粒的表面变得光滑,不利于花粉在柱头附着。但低温胁迫下的龙粳28花粉粒表面特征与对照没有明显差异。随着温度降低各水稻品种的叶绿体中的淀粉粒明显减少,嗜锇颗粒明显增加,基粒片变疏松,叠状态的类囊体膜的比例减少。但低温影响下耐冷性强品种龙粳25和空育131与耐冷性差品种龙粳11和龙粳28基粒片层、基质片层并未表现出同一规律,而淀粉粒合成、嗜锇颗粒数量变化规律一致。总之,相比水稻花粉粒,低温对剑叶超微结构的影响更为明显,低温胁迫下耐冷性强和耐冷性差的水稻品种间叶片功能衰退、叶绿体光合变化差异较大,规律较为明显。

关键词: 寒地水稻, 耐冷, 细胞, 超微结构

Abstract:

In order to study the effect of low temperature on the ultrastructure of pollen grains and flag leaves of rice in cold regions,Japonica rice varieties Kongyu 131 and Longjing 25 with strong cold tolerance and varieties Longjing 11 and Longjing 28 with poor cold tolerance were selected as research materials in cold regions,low temperature treatment during flowering period (13,15,17 ℃),the samples were observed and photographed using scanning and transmission electron microscopy.The results showed that:Under low temperature stress,the reticular patterns on the pollen grains of Kongyu 131,Longjing 11 and Longjing 25 changed significantly,the reticular carvings on the surface of rice pollen grains changed from deep to shallow,with the decrease of stress temperature,the reticular carvings on the surface of rice pollen grains changed from deep to shallow,reduction of surface protrusions,the surface of pollen grains became smooth,which was not conducive to the attachment of pollen on stigma because made the surface of pollen grains smooth;however,the pollen grain surface characteristics of Longjing 28 under low temperature stress were not significantly different from those of the control.With the decrease of temperature,starch grains in chloroplasts of rice varieties decreased significantly,osmiophilic grains increased significantly,grana became loose,and the proportion of superposed thylakoid membranes decreased;however,under the influence of low temperature,the varieties Longjing 25 and Kongyu 131 with strong cold tolerance and the varieties Longjing 11 and Longjing 28 with poor cold tolerance did not show the same law in grana lamella and matrix lamella,while the changes in starch grain synthesis and osmiophilic particle number were consistent.Compared with rice pollen grains,the effect of low temperature on sword leaf ultrastructure was more obvious. Under low temperature stress,leaf function declined and chloroplast photosynthetic changed among rice varieties with strong and poor cold tolerance were significantly different,with obvious rules.

Key words: Japonica rice in cold region, Cold resistance, Cells, Ultrastructure

杜晓东, 蔡永盛, 赵海新, 陈书强, 徐令旗, 杨丽敏. 花期低温胁迫对寒地水稻花粉粒及剑叶超微结构的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2023, 38(S1): 78-85. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193881.

DU Xiaodong, CAI Yongsheng, ZHAO Haixin, CHEN Shuqiang, XU Lingqi, YANG Limin. Effects of Low Temperature Stress at Flowering Stage on Ultra Structure of Pollen Grains and Leaf of Rice in Cold Region[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(S1): 78-85. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193881.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2023/V38/IS1/78

图/表 9

表1 耐冷各处理编号

Tab.1 Cold resistant treatment numbers

编号 Number	处理 Handle	品种 Variety	处理温度/℃ Temperature
1	1-1	空育131	CK
2	1-2	空育131	13
3	1-3	空育131	17
4	2-1	龙粳11	CK
5	2-2	龙粳11	13
6	2-3	龙粳11	17
7	3-1	龙粳25	CK
8	3-2	龙粳25	13
9	3-3	龙粳25	17
10	4-1	龙粳28	CK
11	4-2	龙粳28	13
12	4-3	龙粳28	17
13	T1	冷灌空育131	15
14	T2	冷灌龙粳11	15
15	T3	冷灌龙粳25	15
16	T4	冷灌龙粳28	15

图1 不同温度下空育131花粉粒的扫描特征 A.CK(自然条件下);B.13 ℃条件下;C.17 ℃条件下;D.本田冷灌条件下。图2—4同。

Fig.1 Scanning characteristics of Kongyu 131 pollen grains at different temperatures A.CK(Under natural conditions);B.At 13 ℃;C.At 17 ℃;D.Under the condition of field cold irrigation.The same as Fig.2—4.

图2 不同温度下龙粳11花粉粒的扫描特征

Fig.2 Scanning characteristics of Longjing 11 pollen grains at different temperatures

图3 不同温度下龙粳25花粉粒的扫描特征

Fig.3 Scanning characteristics of Longjing 25 pollen grains at different temperatures

图4 不同温度下龙粳28花粉粒的扫描特征

Fig.4 Scanning characteristics of Longjing 28 pollen grains at different temperatures

图5 不同温度下空育131的叶绿体超微结构 A.CK(自然条件下);B.13℃条件下;C.17℃条件下。图6—8同。

Fig.5 Chloroplast ultrastructure of Kongyu 131 at different temperatures A.CK(Under natural conditions);B.At 13 ℃;C.At 17 ℃.The same as Fig.6—8.

图6 不同温度下龙粳11的叶绿体超微结构

Fig.6 Chloroplast ultrastructure of Longjing 11 at different temperatures

图7 不同温度下龙粳25的叶绿体超微结构

Fig.7 Chloroplast ultrastructure of Longjing 25 at different temperatures

图8 不同温度下龙粳28的叶绿体超微结构

Fig.8 Chloroplast ultrastructure of Longjing 28 at different temperatures

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