三种外源氨基酸对番茄幼苗抗高温能力的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195734

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究3种外源氨基酸对高温胁迫下番茄幼苗生长发育的影响,以番茄幼苗为试验材料,以常温25 ℃/18 ℃(昼/夜)下清水处理(Control)和高温40 ℃/30 ℃(昼/夜)下清水处理(Heat)为对照,高温下采用5 mmol/L γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、0.2 mmol/L 5-氨基乙酰丙酸(ALA)和5 mmol/L脯氨酸(Pro)进行叶面喷施处理,测定幼苗的生长表型、抗氧化酶活性、光合参数等指标。结果表明,高温胁迫显著降低了番茄幼苗的株高、茎粗以及生物量积累;与Heat处理相比,高温胁迫下,喷施GABA、ALA和Pro均显著提高了番茄幼苗的株高和茎粗,促进了根系发育,提高了生物量积累和相对生长速率。高温胁迫下,番茄幼苗的叶绿素含量、净光合速率显著下降;ALA处理的叶绿素含量高于其他处理,GABA处理的净光合速率最优。与Heat处理相比,喷施GABA和ALA显著提高了超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性。高温胁迫下,Pro处理叶片的相对电导率和MDA含量最低,基本恢复至常温对照水平。通过聚类分析和主成分分析探究了3种外源氨基酸缓解高温对番茄幼苗生长发育胁迫的机制差异,GABA和ALA主要通过耦合调控幼苗叶绿素含量、抗氧化酶活性,提高光合速率,促进植株生长,从而增强抗高温胁迫能力;而Pro则主要通过降低叶片相对电导率和MDA含量,更倾向于渗透调节。

关键词: 番茄, 高温胁迫, γ-氨基丁酸, 5-氨基乙酰丙酸, 脯氨酸, 生长, 生理特性

Abstract:

This study aimed to investigate the impacts of three exogenous amino acids on the growth and development of tomato seedlings under high-temperature stress.Tomato seedlings were selected as the study material.The normal temperature treatment with clean water at 25 ℃/18 ℃(day/night)and the high-temperature treatment with clean water at 40 ℃/30 ℃(day/night)served as control and heat groups,respectively.Under high-temperature,tomato seedlings were sprayed with 5 mmol/L γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA),0.2 mmol/L 5-aminolevulinic acid(ALA),and 5 mmol/L Proline(Pro)on the leaves once every seven days for two times.Growth parameters,antioxidant enzyme activities,and physiological parameters were determined.The results indicated that the plant height,stem diameter,and biomass accumulation of tomato seedlings was significantly reduced under high temperature.Compared with heat treatment,spraying GABA,ALA,and Pro significantly enhanced the plant height and stem thickness of tomato seedlings,promoted root development,increased biomass accumulation and relative growth rate under high-temperature.Moreover,the chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of tomato seedlings declined remarkably.The chlorophyll content in the ALA treatment was higher than that in other treatments,while the net photosynthetic rate in the GABA treatment was the optimal.Compared with heat treatment,spraying GABA and ALA significantly augmented the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT).High-temperature stress substantially elevated the relative electrical conductivity(REC)and malondialdehyde(MDA)content of leaves.Meanwhile,the leaves treated with Pro exhibited the lowest REC and MDA content,nearly returning to the level of control treatment.The outcomes of cluster and principal component analyses revealed that the GABA and ALA treatments mainly enhanced the photosynthetic rate and promoted plant growth by coordinately regulating the chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme activities of tomato seedlings,thereby strengthening the capacity to resist high-temperature stress.In contrast,Pro treatment effectively regulated the leaf's osmotic pressure by reducing leaf relative conductivity and MDA content.

Key words: Tomato, High-temperature stress, GABA, ALA, Proline, Growth, Physiological characteristics

中图分类号:

史建硕, 王丽英, 蒋龙刚, 李若楠, 郭丽, 李义红, 潘丽佳, 侯升林, 贾舟. 三种外源氨基酸对番茄幼苗抗高温能力的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(5): 117-126. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195734.

SHI Jianshuo, WANG Liying, JIANG Longgang, LI Ruonan, GUO Li, LI Yihong, PAN Lijia, HOU Shenglin, JIA Zhou. Effects of Three Exogenous Amino Acids on the Resistance of Tomato Seedlings to High-temperature Stress[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(5): 117-126. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195734.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2025/V40/I5/117

图/表 8

图1 3种外源氨基酸对处理第7天和第15天番茄幼苗株高和茎粗的影响不同小写字母表示差异显著(P<0.05)。图2—7同。

Fig.1 Effects of three exogenous amino acids on plant height and stem diameter of tomato seedlings at 7th day and at 15th day after treatments Different letters above the bars indicate significant differences between treatments(P<0.05).The same as Fig.2—7.

图2 3种外源氨基酸对番茄幼苗根系生长发育的影响(第15天)

Fig.2 Effects of three exogenous amino acids on root growth of tomato seedlings at 15th day after treatments

图3 3种外源氨基酸对处理第7天和第15天时番茄幼苗地上部鲜质量、地上部干质量、根部鲜质量和根部干质量的影响

Fig.3 Effects of three exogenous amino acids on aboveground fresh weight,aboveground dry weight, underground fresh weight,and underground dry weight of tomato seedlings at 7th day and at 15th day after treatments

图4 3种外源氨基酸对番茄幼苗壮苗指数和相对生长速率的影响

Fig.4 Effects of three exogenous amino acids on seedling index and relative growth rate of tomato seedlings

图5 3种外源氨基酸对番茄幼苗叶绿素含量和净光合速率的影响(第15天)

Fig.5 Effects of three exogenous amino acids on chlorophyll content and net photosynthetic rate of tomato seedlings at 15th day after treatments

图6 3种外源氨基酸对番茄幼苗叶片抗氧化酶活性的影响(第15天)

Fig.6 Effects of three exogenous amino acids on antioxidant enzyme activity of tomato seedling leaves at 15th day after treatments

图7 3种外源氨基酸对番茄幼苗叶片相对电导率和丙二醛含量的影响(第15天)

Fig.7 Effects of three exogenous amino acids on REC and MDA content of tomato seedling leaves at 15th day after treatments

图8 基于聚类分析和聚类热图外源氨基酸缓解高温胁迫作用机制及其差异应用聚类分析和主成分分析(PCA)对处理第15天番茄幼苗的表型数据进行分析(A,B)。PH.株高;MDA.丙二醛;Chl.叶绿素总量;RGR.相对生长速率;BDW.地下部干质量;SI.壮苗指数;RD.根系平均直径;Chlb.叶绿素b含量;ADW.地上部干质量;RV.根总体积;Chla.叶绿素a含量;Pn.净光合速率;CAT.过氧化氢酶活性;SD.茎粗;POD.过氧化物酶活性;RS.根表面积;SOD.超氧化物歧化酶活性;RL.总根长。通过R编程对数据进行分析。

Fig.8 Comprehensive evaluation of alleviating high temperature stress by exogenous amino acids Clustering analysis and principal component analysis(PCA)were applied to the collected phenotype data of tomato seedlings at day 15 after treatments.PH.Plant height; MDA.Malondialdehyde; Chl.Total chlorophyll content; RGR.Relative growth rate; BDW.Root dry weight; SI.Sound seedling index; RD.Root average diameter; Chlb.Chlorophyll b content; ADW.Aboveground dry weight; RV.Root volume; Chla.Chlorophyll a content; Pn.Net photosynthetic rate; CAT.CAT activity;SD.Stem diameter; POD.POD activity; RS.Root surface area; SOD.SOD activity; RL.Root length.Data analysis was carried out via R programming.

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