苹果叶肉导度及光合生化参数对不同冠层光环境的响应

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195841

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同冠层光环境下苹果叶肉导度及其关键参数以及光合生化参数的变化,以开心形富士系苹果树为试验材料,对苹果树实施间伐后测定了冠层光环境、光合生化参数和叶片组织结构,以未实施间伐的苹果树为对照(CK)。结果表明,间伐处理比对照的光合有效辐射(PAR)日最大值和日均值的峰值分别提高23%和166%,平均值分别提高43%和123%;间伐处理的吸光系数与光能分配比例的乘积(α·β)和光下暗呼吸速率(R_d)值分别比对照提高了84.62%,56.00%,表观CO₂补偿点(C_i^*)比对照降低了6.67%;采用量化的α·β值计算的叶肉导度(g_m)的平均值处理比对照分别提高9.89%,采用经验的α·β值(0.425)计算的叶肉导度(g_m')的最大值和平均值处理比对照分别提高20.65%,39.38%;处理和对照均表现为g_m'整体高于g_m而出现偏差,处理和对照g_m'比g_m的平均值分别高估54.33%,21.67%;由P_n-C_i(不考虑叶肉导度)、P_n-C_c'(采用α·β经验值)和P_n-C_c(采用α·β量化值)响应曲线拟合得到的V_cmax存在显著差异(处理的V_cmax-_C_i和V_cmax-_C_c'分别比V_cmax-_C_c低估了40.59%,19.85%),且表现为间伐处理显著高于对照(V_cmax-_C_i、V_cmax-_C_c'和V_cmax-_C_c分别提高了11.21%,5.85%,10.69%);J_max和V_tpu的情况与V_cmax类似。叶片解剖结构表明,间伐处理比对照的栅栏组织(PT)厚度和海绵组织(ST)厚度平均值分别显著提高了43.95%,43.31%;间伐处理的PT和ST的面积和周长比对照分别显著提高了43.60%,310.86%和34.73%,115.82%。综上,间伐处理后,苹果冠层受光条件得到改善,叶片结构改变,进而提高了植株的光合效率。

关键词: 苹果, 间伐, 冠层, 光环境, 叶肉导度, 光合生化参数

Abstract:

In order to explore the effects of different canopy light environments on apple mesophyll conductance and its key parameters and photosynthetic biochemical parameters,the open-center Fuji apple trees were used as experimental materials.The canopy light environment,photosynthetic biochemical parameters and leaf tissue structure of apple trees were measured after thinning,and the apple trees without thinning were used as controls(CK).Results showed that,the peak and mean value of daily maximum and averaged photosynthetically active radiation(PAR)increased by 23%,166%,and 43%,123%,respectively.Compared to the CK,product of light absorption coefficient and light energy partitioning ratio(α·β)and dark respiration rate under light(R_d)of treatment increased by 84.62%,56.00% respectively,while apparent CO₂ compensation point(C_i^*)value decreased by 6.67%.The average value of mesophyll conductance(g_m)calculated by quantitative α·β value was 9.89% higher than that of the CK,and the maximum and average values of mesophyll conductance(g_m')calculated by empirical α·β value(0.425)were 20.65%,39.38% higher than those of the CK,respectively.The g_m ' of the treatment and the CK was higher than that of the g_m,and the g_m' of the treatment and the CK was 54.33%,21.67% higher than the average value of the g_m,respectively.V_cmax derived from P_n-C_i(neglecting mesophyll conductance),P_n-C_c'(using empirical α·β)and P_n-C_c(using quantified α·β)response curves demonstrated significant differences(V_cmax-_C_i and V_cmax-_C_c' underestimated by 40.59%,19.85% in comparison with V_cmax-_C_c in treatment,respectively),and treatment was significantly higher than CK(V_cmax-_C_i,V_cmax-_C_c' and V_cmax-_C_c increased by 11.21%,5.85%,10.69%,respectively);J_max and V_tpu were similar to V_cmax.The anatomical structures of leaves showed that the mean values of palisade tissue(PT)thickness and spongy tissue(ST)thickness of thinning treatment significantly increased respectively by 43.95%,43.31%,in comparison with those of the CK.The area and perimeter of PT and ST in thinning treatment were respectively 43.60% and 310.86% with 34.73% and 115.82% higher than those in CK.In summary,after thinning treatment,the light condition of apple canopy was improved,the leaf structure was changed,and the photosynthetic efficiency of the plant was improved.

Key words: Apple, Tree thinning, Canopy, Light environment, Mesophyll conductance, Photosynthetic biochemical parameters

中图分类号:

S661.1

李志强, 李谧, 林琭, 王红宁, 王鹏鹏, 赵国平. 苹果叶肉导度及光合生化参数对不同冠层光环境的响应[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(5): 105-116. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195841.

LI Zhiqiang, LI Mi, LIN Lu, WANG Hongning, WANG Pengpeng, ZHAO Guoping. Responses of Mesophyll Conductance and Photosynthetic Biochemical Parameters of Apples to Different Light Environments in Canopy[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(5): 105-116. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195841.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2025/V40/I5/105

图/表 9

图1 不同处理的冠层截获光合有效辐射(PAR)差异分析

Fig.1 Difference analysis of canopy interception of photosynthetically active radiation(PAR) under different treatments

图2 不同处理的叶肉导度参数的差异分析不同小写字母表示同一参数在不同处理之间的差异显著(P<0.05)。图6,8同。

Fig.2 Difference analysis of mesophyll conductance parameters under different treatments Different lowercases indicated significant differences between different treatments.The same as Fig.6,8.

图3 不同处理的g_m-PAR和g_m'-PAR响应曲线差异不同小写字母表示同一PAR下g_m和g_m'之间差异显著(P<0.05)。

Fig.3 Differences in g_m-PAR and g_m'-PAR response curves of different treatments Different lowercases indicated significant differences between g_m and g_m' under the same PAR(P<0.05).

图4 不同处理的P_n-C_i、P_n-C_c和P_n-C_c'的响应曲线差异不同小写字母表示P_n-C_i、P_n-C_c和P_n-C_c'响应曲线分别在间伐处理和对照之间差异显著(P<0.05)。

Fig.4 Differences in P_n-C_i, P_n-C_c and P_n-C_c' response curves of different treatments Different lowercases indicated significant differences of P_n-C_i,P_n-C_c,and P_n-C_c' response curves between tree-thinning treatment and CK(P<0.05).

表1 由P_n-C_i、P_n-C_c'和P_n-C_c响应曲线拟合出的光合生化参数在不同处理之间的差异

Tab.1 The different of photosynthetic biochemical parameters fitted by P_n-C_i,P_n-C_c' and P_n-C_c response curves among different treatments μmol/(m²·s)

处理 Treatment	V_cmax-_C_i	V_cmax-_C_c'	V_cmax-_C_c	J_max-_C_i	J_max-_C_c'	J_max-_C_c	V_tpu-_C_i	V_tpu-_C_c'	V_tpu-_C_c
间伐Tree-thinning	135.01±2.95c^*	182.15±2.64b^*	227.26±4.61a^*	141.03±4.26c	237.67±3.25b^*	251.84±3.95a^*	13.48±0.19a^*	10.21±0.22b^*	8.49±0.23c^*
对照CK	121.40±1.70c	172.08±3.82b	205.32±5.97a	138.24±3.96c	214.03±5.35b	225.26±5.78a	9.98±0.10a	8.88±0.13b	7.05±0.14c

图5 间伐处理和对照的叶片组织的半薄切片

Fig.5 Semi-thin sections of leaf tissue of tree-thinning treatment and CK

图6 间伐处理和对照的叶肉细胞中不同组织的差异

Fig.6 Differences in different tissues of mesophyll cells between tree-thinning treatment and CK

图7 间伐处理和对照的叶片组织的超薄切片

Fig.7 Ultrathin slices photographs for leaf anatomical structures of tree-thinning treatment and CK

图8 间伐处理和对照的叶肉细胞中栅栏组织和海绵组织的面积和周长的差异

Fig.8 Differences in the areas and perimeters of palisade tissue and spongy tissue in mesophyll cells of tree-thinning treatment and CK

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