不同籽粒颜色黄籽油菜生理特性及相关基因表达差异

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195526

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 黄籽油菜因菜油的外观、品质好等优势深受消费者欢迎,但后代性状分离不稳定,严重影响其大面积应用。为解析黄籽油菜性状分离不稳定的内在原因,探寻黄籽油菜中黄色籽粒和黑色籽粒之间内在生理机制存在的差异,以甘蓝型黄籽油菜(CK)为材料,对其分离后代中的黄色(Y)、黑色(B)籽粒植株的农艺性状、生理生化指标、种皮颜色相关基因等之间的表达差异开展了研究。结果表明:分离后代中,Y的根茎粗和株高均优于CK和B,B的株高分别与CK、Y呈显著差异,B的根茎粗与Y呈显著差异。Y的病害指数为1.97,CK和B的病害指数分别为2.55,3.33,表明Y在抗病性方面优于CK和B。在9—10叶期Y叶片中的丙二醛(MDA)含量最低,花期Y和CK花中的过氧化物酶(POD)活性持续上升,表明黄籽油菜抗逆能力较强。7—8叶期和9—10叶期B和Y中TT18、TT8基因的表达量均高于CK,终花期B和Y中TT18基因的表达量显著低于CK。授粉后28 d Y种子中MYB47基因的表达量最高,分别为CK的5.56倍和B的5.79倍。TT8基因在授粉后21 d的Y中表达量最高,分别为CK和B的3.30,2.29倍。黄籽油菜在含油量、抗逆等方面均有明显优势,因而大力发展黄籽油菜可为提高菜油供应量,解决我国食用油安全提供新思路。

关键词: 甘蓝型油菜, 黄籽, 过氧化物酶, Transparent Testa 8

Abstract:

Yellow-seeded rapeseed is popular with consumers because of the appearance and good quality of rapeseed oil.However,the unstable separation of progeny traits seriously affects its large-scale application.In order to analyze the internal reasons for the unstable separation of yellow-seeded rapeseed traits,the differences in the internal physiological mechanisms between yellow and black seeds in yellow-seeded rapeseed were explored.Yellow-seeded rapeseed(CK)was used as the material to study the differences in agronomic traits,physiological and biochemical indexes,and seed coat color-related genes between yellow(Y)and black(B)seed plants in the separation offspring.The results showed that the rhizome diameter and plant height of Y were larger than those of CK and B.The plant height of B was significantly different from that of CK and Y,respectively,and the rhizome diameter of B was significantly different from that of Y.The disease index of Y was 1.97,and the disease indexes of CK and B were 2.55 and 3.33,respectively,indicating that Y was superior to CK and B in disease resistance.The content of MDA in Y leaves was the lowest at 9—10 leaf stage,and the POD activity in Y and CK flowers continued to increase at flowering stage,indicating that yellow-seeded rape had strong stress resistance.The expression levels of TT18 and TT8 genes in B and Y at 7—8 leaf stage and 9—10 leaf stage were higher than those in CK,and the expression levels of TT18 gene in B and Y at final flowering stage were significantly lower than those in CK.At 28 days after pollination,the expression of MYB47 gene in Y seed was the highest,which was 5.56 times that of CK and 5.79 times that of B,respectively.The expression of TT8 gene was the highest in Y at 21 days after pollination,which was 3.30,2.29 times that of CK and B,respectively.It showed that yellow-seeded rapeseed had obvious advantages in oil content and stress resistance.Therefore,vigorous development of yellow-seeded rapeseed can provide new ideas for improving the supply of rapeseed oil and solving the safety of edible oil in China.

Key words: Brassica napus L., Yellow seed, Peroxidase, Transparent Testa 8

中图分类号:

S565.4

张琪, 田岩涛, 肖钢, 张振乾. 不同籽粒颜色黄籽油菜生理特性及相关基因表达差异[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(5): 96-104. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195526.

ZHANG Qi, TIAN Yantao, XIAO Gang, ZHANG Zhenqian. The Physiological Characteristics and Expression Differences of Related Genes of Yellow-seeded Rapeseed with Different Seed Colors[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(5): 96-104. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195526.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2025/V40/I5/96

图/表 10

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基因名称 Gene name	正向引物序列(5'—3') Forward primer(5'—3')	反向引物序列(3'—5') Reverse primer(3'—5')
Actin	CGTTGGTGGAGTTGCACTTG	AGCACGTTACGGGATTGGTT
MYB47	GTCGAGGAAAGGAATTGACCCG	CCTTCTTCACCACCACCAATCGTGT
TT18	CTGATTCGATTGTGATGCACAT	TCCTTACCTTCTCCTTGTTCAC
PDAT1	TCCATCCTCGTTCTGTTATCC	CACCGACGACTGATGAAACGA
TT8	TTAAGGCGGTGGTGCAATCT	GCGCCGTTGTAGTATCCACT

基因名称 Gene name	正向引物序列(5'—3') Forward primer(5'—3')	反向引物序列(3'—5') Reverse primer(3'—5')
Actin	CGTTGGTGGAGTTGCACTTG	AGCACGTTACGGGATTGGTT
MYB47	GTCGAGGAAAGGAATTGACCCG	CCTTCTTCACCACCACCAATCGTGT
TT18	CTGATTCGATTGTGATGCACAT	TCCTTACCTTCTCCTTGTTCAC
PDAT1	TCCATCCTCGTTCTGTTATCC	CACCGACGACTGATGAAACGA
TT8	TTAAGGCGGTGGTGCAATCT	GCGCCGTTGTAGTATCCACT

材料 Materials	主茎绿叶数/个 Green leaf number on main stalks	主茎总叶数/个 Total leaf number on main stalks	最大叶The largest leaf		根茎粗/cm Width of rootstock	株高/cm Plant height
材料 Materials	主茎绿叶数/个 Green leaf number on main stalks	主茎总叶数/个 Total leaf number on main stalks	长/cm Length	宽/cm Width	根茎粗/cm Width of rootstock	株高/cm Plant height
CK	8.00±1.22a	9.00±1.22a	20.18±3.33a	13.16±1.36a	1.12±0.13ab	15.38±4.02a
B	10.20±1.79a	11.60±1.82a	18.75±1.69a	11.84±1.30a	0.73±0.25b	8.93±3.46b
Y	10.00±0.71a	11.20±0.84a	18.90±0.95a	12.52±1.49a	1.36±0.40a	17.00±1.22a

材料 Materials	主茎绿叶数/个 Green leaf number on main stalks	主茎总叶数/个 Total leaf number on main stalks	最大叶The largest leaf		根茎粗/cm Width of rootstock	株高/cm Plant height
材料 Materials	主茎绿叶数/个 Green leaf number on main stalks	主茎总叶数/个 Total leaf number on main stalks	长/cm Length	宽/cm Width	根茎粗/cm Width of rootstock	株高/cm Plant height
CK	8.00±1.22a	9.00±1.22a	20.18±3.33a	13.16±1.36a	1.12±0.13ab	15.38±4.02a
B	10.20±1.79a	11.60±1.82a	18.75±1.69a	11.84±1.30a	0.73±0.25b	8.93±3.46b
Y	10.00±0.71a	11.20±0.84a	18.90±0.95a	12.52±1.49a	1.36±0.40a	17.00±1.22a

农艺性状 Agronomic traits	主茎绿叶数 Green leaves of main stem	主茎总叶数 Total leaves of main stem	最大叶长 Maximum leaf length	最大叶宽 Maximum leaf width	根茎粗 Width of rootstock	株高 Plant height
主茎绿叶数Green leaves of main stem	1.000
主茎总叶数Total leaves of main stem	0.998^*	1.000
最大叶长Maximum leaf length	-1.000^**	-0.999^*	1.000
最大叶宽Maximum leaf width	-0.897	-0.922	0.902	1.000
根茎粗Width of rootstock	-0.217	-0.276	0.230	0.627	1.000
株高Plant height	-0.403	-0.458	0.415	0.767	0.981	1.000

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