摘要：

为明确木醋液改良再植病土壤的作用机理,以苹果砧木-八棱海棠为试材,通过田间试验研究木醋液处理对植株生长的影响以及7月和10月土壤主要理化性质和酶活性,基于Illumina高通量测序分析植株根际土壤微生物多样性的变化。结果表明:与对照相比,100倍木醋液灌根后,八棱海棠幼苗株高、地径和叶面积年增长量均有显著提高。木醋液灌根处理显著提高了再植病土壤主要养分含量和酶活性,其中7月土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾的含量分别为CK1的1.31,1.38,1.20,1.60,1.65倍,10月分别为CK2的1.12,1.03,1.58,1.40,1.25倍,且均有显著差异;7月和10月蔗糖酶和脲酶活性均显著增加。木醋液提高了夏秋两季根际土壤微生物多样性。7月和10月对照和木醋液处理,根际细菌前5优势门均为变形菌门、酸杆菌门、芽单胞菌门、绿弯菌门和棒状杆菌门;在属水平上主要为uncultured_bacterium_c_Subgroup_6、uncultured_bacterium_f_Gemmatimonadaceae、uncultured_bacterium_o_Rokubacteriales、RB41和MND1。根际真菌前5优势门均为子囊菌门、担子菌门、被孢霉门、壶菌门和球囊菌门;在属水平上主要为枝孢属、被孢霉属、土赤壳属、久浩酵母属和镰刀菌属。由相关性网络图可知,根际有益细菌RB41和uncultured_bacterium_f_Gemmatimonadaceae及致病真菌镰刀菌属和土赤壳属与其他种群呈负相关。木醋液灌根可提高苹果再植土壤养分和酶活,增加土壤微生物多样性,改善土壤微生物群落结构,有利于促进植株生长,增强植株抗性,减轻再植病的危害。

关键词: 木醋液, 苹果再植病, 土壤微生物, 生长指标

Abstract:

In order to clarify the mechanism of pyroligneous acids improving replantation soil,the effect of pyroligneous acids treatment on plant growth was studied by field experiment using apple rootstock-Malus micromalus as experimental material.The main physical and chemical properties and enzyme activities of soil in July and October were analyzed based on Illumina high-throughput sequencing to analyze the changes of microbial diversity in rhizosphere soil.The results showed that compared with the control,the annual increase of plant height,ground diameter and leaf area of Malus angustifolia seedlings were significantly increased after 100-fold pyroligneous acids irrigation.Pyroligneous acids root irrigation treatment significantly increased the contents of main nutrients and enzyme activities in the soil of replanting disease.The contents of soil organic matter,total nitrogen,alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium were 1.31,1.38,1.20,1.60 and 1.65 times of CK1,respectively in July,and 1.12,1.03,1.58,1.40 and 1.25 times of CK2 in October,respectively.Sucrase and urease activities increased significantly in July and October.Pyroligneous acids increased the microbial diversity of rhizosphere soil in summer and autumn.Under CK and pyroligneous acids treatments in July and October,the top five dominant gates of rhizosphere bacteria were Proteobacteria,Acidsobacteria,Gemmatimonadetes,Chloroflexi and Rokubacteria;at the genus level,they were mainly uncultured_bacterium_c_Subgroup_6, uncultured_bacterium_f_Gemmatimonadaceae, uncultured_bacterium_o_Rokubacteriales, RB41 and MND1. The top five dominant gates of rhizosphere fungi were Ascomycota,Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota,Chytridiomycota and Glomeromycota.At the genus level,they were mainly Cladosporium,Mortierella,Ilyonectria,Guehomyces and Fusarium.According to the correlation network map,the beneficial bacteria RB41 and uncultured_bacterium_f_Gemmatimonadaceae in the rhizosphere and the pathogenic fungi Fusarium and Ilyonectria were negatively correlated with other populations.Pyroligneous acids root irrigation can increase soil nutrients and enzyme activity,increase soil microbial diversity,improve soil microbial community structure,promote plant growth,enhance plant resistance and reduce the harm of replanting disease.

Key words: Pyroligneous acids, Apple replant disease, Soil microbes, Growth indicators