摘要： 为探明不同光周期的成花效应及其与激素、生长间的关系，以秋菊红面为试材，设置5个光周期处理，以南京夏季自然光周期（长日照）为对照，测定光合色素（叶绿素a、b和类胡萝卜素）、生长指标（株高、茎粗、叶片数）、根系活力、不同时期发育历时及内源激素（现蕾、破蕾、初绽、初花、盛花及初萎期）、切花品质（花径、单株花数、花青素）。结果表明，长日照菊花生长最旺盛，植株高大粗壮，光合色素含量高；7 h/17 h，8 h/16 h光合色素含量低、长势最差，易倒伏，由于受到光胁迫，根系活力较高；10 h/14 h植株矮化匀称。开花响应与内源激素息息相关，与IAA、GA₃呈反比，与ZT、ABA呈正比。7 h/17 h、8 h/16 h和长日照菊花花期均严重推迟，长日照由于生长充分，切花大且多但萎蔫快，7 h/17 h、8 h/16 h由于营养生长不足，菊花小且少、花青素含量低，切花品质最差；10 h/14 h最先开始花芽分化，花序发育周期短、盛花产出早且持续时间长，由于生长状况良好，切花品质也较高。光周期对花芽分化启动、花蕾形成过程影响最大，舌状花瓣的展开虽也受光周期影响，但对花期的提前不起决定作用。由此可见，10 h/14 h下菊花在生长形态、花序发育周期、切花质量方面表现最佳，最适合夏季南京地区菊花的促花栽培，待菊花破蕾显色后移至长日照正常开花。

关键词: 菊花, 光周期, 生长指标, 内源激素, 发育进程, 切花品质

Abstract: In order to explore the flowering effect of different photoperiods and its relationship with hormones and growth,Hongmian autumn chrysanthemum was used as test material,and five photoperiod treatments were set up.The natural photoperiod(long-day photoperiods) in summer in Nanjing was used as control.Photosynthetic pigments(chlorophyll a,chlorophyll b,carotenoids),growth indexes(plant height,stem diameter,leaf number),root activity,development duration of different periods and endogenous hormones(budding stage,bud breaking stage,petal formation stage,initial flowering stage,full blooming stage,early wilting stage),flower quality(flower diameter,flower number per plant,anthocyanin) were measured.The results showed that the chrysanthemum grew most vigorously under long-day photoperiods,the plant was tall and strong,and the photosynthetic pigment content was high.7 h/17 h,8 h/16 h plant photosynthetic pigment content was low,the worst growth,lodging,due to light stress,root activity was higher.The growth of plants under 10 h/14 h was dwarfing symmetrical and they had small plant height,thick stem and dense leaves.The flowering response of chrysanthemum was closely related to the endogenous hormone content in leaves.The flower development rate of chrysanthemum was inversely proportional to IAA and GA₃,and was proportional to ZT and ABA.7 h/17 h,8 h/16 h and long-day photoperiods significantly delayed the flowering stage of chrysanthemum.In long-day photoperiods,due to sufficient growth,the cut flowers were large and more but wilted quickly.In 7 h/17 h and 8 h/16 h,due to insufficient vegetative growth,chrysanthemum was small and less,the anthocyanin content was low,and the flower quality was the worst.Flower bud differentiation started fastest at 10 h/14 h,and the development cycle of inflorescence was short,the flowering was early and lasted for a long time.The quality of flowers was also high due to good growth conditions.Photoperiod had the greatest influence on the initiation of flower bud differentiation and the formation of buds.Although the expansion of hyoid petals was also affected by photoperiod,it did not play a decisive role in the advance of flowering.Thus,under the control of 10 h/14 h chrysanthemum in growth morphology,inflorescence development cycle,cut flower quality performance was the best,most suitable for summer in Nanjing Area chrysanthemum flower cultivation,when chrysanthemum bud color after moving to long sunshine normal flowering.

Key words: Chrysanthemum, Photoperiod, Growth index, Endogenous hormone, Development process, Flower quality

中图分类号: 

• S682.01