不同耐热基因型芝麻苗期对高温胁迫的生理响应机制

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20192390

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探究芝麻苗期对高温胁迫的生理响应机制，以郑太芝3号（耐热性）和SP19（热敏性）2种不同基因型的芝麻品种为材料，在高温45℃下持续处理10 d，以30℃处理为对照，分析幼苗的生长表型、抗氧化能力、光合参数并观察气孔和叶绿体的显微结构。结果显示，随着胁迫时间延长，供试材料的株高、叶长、叶宽、相对含水量、叶绿素含量、Fv/Fm、φPS Ⅱ、ETR （Ⅱ）、净光合速率（Pn）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、气孔导度（Gs）均下降，相对电导率、活性氧和丙二醛含量显著提高，且SP19品种变化幅度大于郑太芝3号。高温处理后，供试材料的抗氧化酶（超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶）活性均高于对照，且郑太芝3号酶活性高于SP19品种。显微结构观察发现，高温胁迫10 d，供试材料气孔的开度均减小，其中SP19品种气孔完全闭合，而郑太芝3号气孔不完全闭合；同时，叶绿体变圆，向胞内移动，基粒堆积加厚，片层断裂以及嗜锇颗粒增加，而郑太芝3号叶绿体的结构稳定性高于SP19。综上所述，抗氧化酶活性、膜脂过氧化程度、叶绿体结构稳定性以及保持光系统Ⅱ（PS Ⅱ）活性的高低是影响芝麻幼苗耐热性的关键因素。

关键词: 芝麻, 高温胁迫, 光合作用, 叶绿体, 抗氧化酶活性

Abstract: In order to explore the physiological response to high temperature stress in sesame,the seedlings of two different sesame genotypes,Zhengtaizhi No.3(heat tolerance) and SP19(heat sensitivity),were treated at 45℃ as high temperature stress and 30℃ as control for 10 days.The growth phenotype,antioxidant capacity,photosynthetic parameters and microstructure of stomata and chloroplast of the seedlings were analyzed.The results showed that with the extension of stress time,the plant height,leaf length,leaf width,relative water content,chlorophyll content,Fv/Fm,φPSⅡ,ETR(Ⅱ),net photosynthetic rate(Pn),transpiration rate(Tr) and stomatal conductance(Gs) decreased,while the relative electrical conductivity,reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde content increased significantly,and the change range of SP19 was larger than that of Zhengtaizhi No.3.The antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase,peroxidase and catalase) activities in the plants treated with high temperature were higher than that of control.Compared to SP19,the antioxidant enzyme activity was higher in Zhengtaizhi No.3.Microstructure observation showed that under high temperature stress for 10 days,the stomatal aperture was decreased for both varieties,and the stomata of SP19 were completely closed,while Zhengtaizhi No.3 stomata were not completely closed.Meanwhile,chloroplasts became round and moved to the middle of cells,grana accumulation thickened,lamella fractured and osmiophilic granules increased in Zhengtaizhi No.3,and the structural stability of chloroplasts of Zhengtaizhi No.3 was higher than that of SP19.In conclusion,the antioxidant enzyme activity,membrane lipid peroxidation,chloroplast structural stability and the photosystem Ⅱ(PSⅡ) activity are the key factors to affect heat tolerance of sesame seedlings.

Key words: Sesame, High temperature stress, Photosynthesis, Chloroplast, Autioxidant enzyme activities

中图分类号:

S565.01

苏小雨, 高桐梅, 李丰, 魏利斌, 田媛, 王东勇, 朱松涛, 卫双玲. 不同耐热基因型芝麻苗期对高温胁迫的生理响应机制[J]. 华北农学报, 2021, 36(6): 96-105. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192390.

SU Xiaoyu, GAO Tongmei, LI Feng, WEI Libin, TIAN Yuan, WANG Dongyong, ZHU Songtao, WEI Shuangling. Physiological Response Mechanism to High Temperature Stress in Different Heat-Tolerant Genotypes of Sesame Seedlings[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2021, 36(6): 96-105. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192390.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2021/V36/I6/96

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