氮素对高温胁迫下玉米籽粒发育的调控效应

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20192810

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

明确籽粒建成期高温胁迫下氮素对玉米籽粒发育的调控效应,对合理施肥、缓解高温危害、实现玉米丰产稳产具有重要意义。以热敏感品种先玉335(XY335)和耐热品种郑单958(ZD958)为材料,设高温处理(T)和对照(CK),研究不同施氮量(90,180,270 kg/hm²,分别记为N90、N180、N270)对籽粒建成期高温胁迫玉米籽粒发育及产量的影响。结果表明,高温胁迫打破了玉米籽粒内源激素间的平衡,使得2个玉米品种的N180和N270的籽粒脱落酸(ABA)含量、郑单958的N180和N270的生长素(IAA)含量降低;上部籽粒可溶性酸性蔗糖转化酶(SAI)活性降低,籽粒体积膨胀及干物质积累受阻,败育率增加,穗粒数减少,进而导致产量显著降低。热敏感品种先玉335受高温胁迫的影响程度高于耐热品种郑单958。随施氮量增加,高温对玉米籽粒发育的负面影响加剧。高温胁迫下,与低氮(N90)处理相比,中氮(N180)、高氮(N270)处理下,先玉335和郑单958籽粒ABA/GA₃降低,IAA和ZR含量升高,籽粒体积和干物质减少更加严重,败育率分别显著增加25.55,29.31百分点和15.45,24.49百分点,穗粒数分别显著降低42.89%,52.68%和20.95%,35.25%,产量分别显著降低44.29%,52.04%和26.41%,39.94%。可见,合理的施氮量(N90)可以缓解高温对玉米籽粒发育的不利影响,减少产量损失。

关键词: 玉米, 高温胁迫, 氮素, 籽粒发育, 产量

Abstract:

Clarifying the regulation effect of nitrogen on grain development under heat stress at blister stage of maize is of great significance for rational fertilization,relieving the harm of heat and realizing high and stable yields.The effects of amount of nitrogen application(90,180,270 kg/ha,marked as N90,N180,N270)on the grain development and yield under heat stress during blister stage of maize were investigated by using Xianyu 335(XY335)and Zhengdan 958(ZD958)as materials and setting heat treatment(T)and control(CK).The results showed that heat stress broke the balance of endogenous hormones in maize grains, resulting in the decrease of abscisic acid (ABA) content in the grains of N180 and N270 of two maize varieties and auxin (IAA) content in the grains of N180 and N270 of ZD958; Soluble acid invertase activity (SAI) of upper grains was decreased, grain volume expansion and dry matter accumulation were blocked, abortion rate was increased, grain number per ear was decreased, and yield was significantly decreased. The heat-sensitive variety XY335 was more affected by heat stress than the heat-resistant variety ZD958.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,the negative effect of heat stress on corn grains development was intensified.Under heat stress,the ABA/GA₃ of XY335 and ZD958 decreased,the IAA and ZR contents increased,the grains volume and dry matter were more severely reduced,the abortion rate was significantly increased by 25.55,29.31 percentage points and 15.45,24.49 percentage points,respectively,the grains number per spike was decreased by 42.89%,52.68% and 20.95%,35.25%,respectively,and yield was significantly decreased by 44.29%,52.04% and 26.41%,39.94% respectively,under medium(N180)and high(N270)nitrogen treatments compared with low nitrogen(N90)treatment.Therefore,reasonable nitrogen application rate(N90)could alleviate the adverse effects of heat stress on corn grain development and reduce yield loss.

Key words: Maize, Heat stress, Nitrogen, Grain development, Yield

蔡丰乐, 马昕, 王帅丽, 卢良涛, 邵瑞鑫, 李鸿萍, 赵亚丽, 穆心愿, 赵霞, 李树岩, 刘天学. 氮素对高温胁迫下玉米籽粒发育的调控效应[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(3): 119-127. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192810.

CAI Fengle, MA Xin, WANG Shuaili, LU Liangtao, SHAO Ruixin, LI Hongping, ZHAO Yali, MU Xinyuan, ZHAO Xia, LI Shuyan, LIU Tianxue. Effect Regulating of Nitrogen on Grain Development of Maize under Heat Stress[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(3): 119-127. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192810.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2022/V37/I3/119

图/表 8

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品种 Variety	温度处理 Temperature treatment	氮素水平 Nitrogen level	穗粒数 Kernels per ear
ZD958	T	N90	463.67±5.84a	27.72±1.52ab	14.97±0.53a	1.22±0.07b	6.41±0.64c	15.44±0.11a	30.22±0.78a
		N180	366.51±11.55b	28.16±0.44ab	14.03±0.28ab	1.88±0.32a	21.86±2.84b	15.05±0.31ab	24.32±0.74b
		N270	300.22±29.76c	29.26±1.51a	12.92±0.60b	2.20±0.18a	30.90±5.66a	14.36±0.19b	20.89±1.91c
	CK	N90	476.49±19.20a	28.54±0.19a	15.31±0.35a	1.00±0.08b	3.55±0.21c	14.89±0.16ab	32.08±1.13a
		N180	480.07±6.76a	28.79±1.42a	15.47±0.79a	0.90±0.14b	3.46±0.51c	14.87±0.24ab	32.35±0.68a
		N270	489.34±9.84a	24.68±0.70b	14.89±0.29a	0.82±0.04b	4.33±0.72c	15.00±0.19ab	32.61±0.29a
	F值	T	63.62^**	1.33ns	9.08^*	39.83^**	233.05^**	0.03ns	70.41^**
		N	11.09^**	1.02ns	3.08ns	3.07ns	49.57^**	2.68ns	8.98^**
		T×N	15.00^**	3.85ns	1.34ns	6.36^*	44.31^**	4.18^*	11.25^**
XY335	T	N90	570.80±10.10ab	25.36±0.84a	18.21±0.69b	2.41±0.09b	8.53±0.25b	16.67±0.27a	34.20±0.70ab
		N180	326.00±9.52c	25.43±0.75a	14.60±0.06c	3.49±0.27a	34.08±2.59a	16.72±0.24a	19.50±0.63c
		N270	270.11±31.22c	27.48±3.20a	14.81±0.35c	4.09±0.20a	37.85±1.52a	15.55±0.22b	17.28±1.72c
	CK	N90	557.09±5.75ab	27.33±0.40a	18.46±0.27ab	2.02±0.08b	4.68±0.42b	15.73±0.47ab	35.54±0.82ab
		N180	604.83±26.85a	29.21±0.05a	19.68±0.40a	1.98±0.29b	2.58±0.62b	16.50±0.48ab	36.67±0.48a
		N270	526.43±21.23b	26.75±0.39a	18.10±0.43b	2.38±0.13b	4.00±0.41b	16.00±0.00ab	32.85±1.36b
	F值	T	114.64^**	2.13ns	72.92^**	57.08^**	115.87^**	0.80ns	175.92^**
		N	35.13^**	0.27ns	10.72^**	13.67^**	16.91^**	3.32ns	45.86^**
		T×N	33.52^**	1.31ns	17.56^**	6.66^*	20.21^**	2.27ns	34.48^**

品种 Variety	温度处理 Temperature treatment	氮素水平 Nitrogen level	穗粒数 Kernels per ear
ZD958	T	N90	463.67±5.84a	27.72±1.52ab	14.97±0.53a	1.22±0.07b	6.41±0.64c	15.44±0.11a	30.22±0.78a
		N180	366.51±11.55b	28.16±0.44ab	14.03±0.28ab	1.88±0.32a	21.86±2.84b	15.05±0.31ab	24.32±0.74b
		N270	300.22±29.76c	29.26±1.51a	12.92±0.60b	2.20±0.18a	30.90±5.66a	14.36±0.19b	20.89±1.91c
	CK	N90	476.49±19.20a	28.54±0.19a	15.31±0.35a	1.00±0.08b	3.55±0.21c	14.89±0.16ab	32.08±1.13a
		N180	480.07±6.76a	28.79±1.42a	15.47±0.79a	0.90±0.14b	3.46±0.51c	14.87±0.24ab	32.35±0.68a
		N270	489.34±9.84a	24.68±0.70b	14.89±0.29a	0.82±0.04b	4.33±0.72c	15.00±0.19ab	32.61±0.29a
	F值	T	63.62^**	1.33ns	9.08^*	39.83^**	233.05^**	0.03ns	70.41^**
		N	11.09^**	1.02ns	3.08ns	3.07ns	49.57^**	2.68ns	8.98^**
		T×N	15.00^**	3.85ns	1.34ns	6.36^*	44.31^**	4.18^*	11.25^**
XY335	T	N90	570.80±10.10ab	25.36±0.84a	18.21±0.69b	2.41±0.09b	8.53±0.25b	16.67±0.27a	34.20±0.70ab
		N180	326.00±9.52c	25.43±0.75a	14.60±0.06c	3.49±0.27a	34.08±2.59a	16.72±0.24a	19.50±0.63c
		N270	270.11±31.22c	27.48±3.20a	14.81±0.35c	4.09±0.20a	37.85±1.52a	15.55±0.22b	17.28±1.72c
	CK	N90	557.09±5.75ab	27.33±0.40a	18.46±0.27ab	2.02±0.08b	4.68±0.42b	15.73±0.47ab	35.54±0.82ab
		N180	604.83±26.85a	29.21±0.05a	19.68±0.40a	1.98±0.29b	2.58±0.62b	16.50±0.48ab	36.67±0.48a
		N270	526.43±21.23b	26.75±0.39a	18.10±0.43b	2.38±0.13b	4.00±0.41b	16.00±0.00ab	32.85±1.36b
	F值	T	114.64^**	2.13ns	72.92^**	57.08^**	115.87^**	0.80ns	175.92^**
		N	35.13^**	0.27ns	10.72^**	13.67^**	16.91^**	3.32ns	45.86^**
		T×N	33.52^**	1.31ns	17.56^**	6.66^*	20.21^**	2.27ns	34.48^**

品种 Variety	指标 Index	产量 Yield	穗粒数 Kernels per ear	百粒质量 100 grains weight	穗长 Ear length	秃尖长 Bald tip length	败育率 Abortion rate	穗行数 Rows per ear
ZD958	穗粒数	0.899^**
	百粒质量	0.050	-0.240
	穗长	0.876^**	0.840^**	0.139
	秃尖长	-0.773^**	-0.881^**	0.286	-0.574^*
	败育率	-0.911^**	-0.938^**	0.257	-0.761^**	0.865^**
	穗行数	0.364	0.514^*	-0.353	0.255	-0.417	-0.438
	行粒数	0.911^**	0.990^**	-0.185	0.871^**	-0.871^**	-0.933^**	0.389
XY335	穗粒数	0.944^**
	百粒质量	0.303	0.053
	穗长	0.950^**	0.959^**	0.169
	秃尖长	-0.887^**	-0.876^**	-0.201	-0.837^**
	败育率	-0.918^**	-0.956^**	-0.021	-0.918^**	0.921^**
	穗行数	0.152	0.254	-0.296	0.116	-0.021	-0.097
	行粒数	0.947^**	0.988^**	0.089	0.962^**	-0.909^**	-0.970^**	0.111

品种 Variety	指标 Index	产量 Yield	穗粒数 Kernels per ear	百粒质量 100 grains weight	穗长 Ear length	秃尖长 Bald tip length	败育率 Abortion rate	穗行数 Rows per ear
ZD958	穗粒数	0.899^**
	百粒质量	0.050	-0.240
	穗长	0.876^**	0.840^**	0.139
	秃尖长	-0.773^**	-0.881^**	0.286	-0.574^*
	败育率	-0.911^**	-0.938^**	0.257	-0.761^**	0.865^**
	穗行数	0.364	0.514^*	-0.353	0.255	-0.417	-0.438
	行粒数	0.911^**	0.990^**	-0.185	0.871^**	-0.871^**	-0.933^**	0.389
XY335	穗粒数	0.944^**
	百粒质量	0.303	0.053
	穗长	0.950^**	0.959^**	0.169
	秃尖长	-0.887^**	-0.876^**	-0.201	-0.837^**
	败育率	-0.918^**	-0.956^**	-0.021	-0.918^**	0.921^**
	穗行数	0.152	0.254	-0.296	0.116	-0.021	-0.097
	行粒数	0.947^**	0.988^**	0.089	0.962^**	-0.909^**	-0.970^**	0.111

部位 Part	温度处理 Temperature treatment	氮素水平 Nitrogen level	ZD958				XY335
部位 Part	温度处理 Temperature treatment	氮素水平 Nitrogen level	3 d	6 d	9 d	12 d	3 d	6 d	9 d	12 d
上部	T	N90	1.57±0.03b	1.42±0.05d	1.60±0.04c	2.33±0.04bc	1.93±0.04b	1.97±0.01b	2.27±0.08b	2.63±0.05c
Upper		N180	1.79±0.05a	1.40±0.02d	1.71±0.01bc	2.37±0.05ab	1.65±0.01c	1.85±0.06bc	2.18±0.08b	2.55±0.02cd
		N270	1.55±0.04b	1.56±0.03bc	1.83±0.04ab	2.52±0.04a	1.70±0.02c	1.75±0.03c	2.22±0.04b	2.96±0.04b
	CK	N90	1.40±0.03c	1.73±0.02a	1.77±0.07b	2.17±0.08c	1.94±0.03b	1.96±0.04b	2.22±0.07b	2.49±0.03d
		N180	1.37±0.00c	1.47±0.03cd	1.90±0.01a	2.26±0.03bc	2.09±0.02a	2.26±0.03a	2.60±0.04a	3.03±0.04b
		N270	1.24±0.03d	1.62±0.02b	1.91±0.04a	2.36±0.05ab	1.94±0.05b	2.25±0.05a	2.65±0.06a	3.22±0.05a
	F值	T	137.95^**	33.83^**	21.14^**	10.82^**	87.14^**	83.78^**	26.71^**	36.13^**
		N	17.59^**	15.34^**	12.33^**	6.93^**	6.39^*	2.77ns	4.86^*	86.22^**
		T×N	7.84^**	10.31^**	1.04ns	0.20ns	25.69^**	23.29^**	9.70^**	29.12^**
中部	T	N90	1.34±0.02c	1.09±0.05d	1.24±0.02e	1.60±0.04c	1.90±0.05a	2.12±0.04a	2.25±0.03bc	2.53±0.07cd
Middle		N180	1.40±0.03c	1.23±0.02c	1.72±0.02b	2.13±0.03b	1.87±0.03a	2.15±0.06a	2.17±0.04cd	2.39±0.05de
		N270	1.56±0.06b	1.57±0.04a	2.23±0.04a	2.66±0.06a	1.51±0.02c	2.03±0.04a	2.05±0.05d	2.37±0.04e
	CK	N90	1.68±0.02a	1.38±0.05b	1.49±0.01c	2.08±0.04b	1.69±0.01b	1.32±0.04c	2.14±0.06cd	2.66±0.01bc
		N180	1.59±0.01ab	1.35±0.03bc	1.38±0.01d	2.10±0.02b	1.71±0.03b	1.47±0.04c	2.33±0.04b	2.75±0.03b
		N270	1.50±0.02b	1.32±0.03bc	1.26±0.03e	2.11±0.04b	1.72±0.06b	1.83±0.06b	2.69±0.04a	3.08±0.05a
	F值	T	41.79^**	3.16ns	344.30^**	0.99ns	2.87ns	198.35^**	40.51^**	114.31^**
		N	0.68ns	17.51^**	131.79^**	84.74^**	15.72^**	9.22^**	8.42^**	6.52^*
		T×N	23.11^**	26.79^**	343.47^**	75.57^**	19.76^**	21.25^**	36.45^**	19.45^**
下部	T	N90	1.21±0.06cd	1.11±0.01d	1.04±0.01d	2.13±0.00b	1.38±0.04c	1.85±0.03b	2.05±0.02c	2.24±0.07d
Lower		N180	1.56±0.05b	1.96±0.02a	2.03±0.04b	2.67±0.03a	1.60±0.04ab	1.66±0.03c	2.10±0.04bc	2.35±0.02cd
		N270	1.76±0.03a	1.85±0.03b	2.35±0.04a	2.03±0.04c	1.66±0.00a	1.66±0.02c	2.18±0.03ab	2.50±0.08bc
	CK	N90	0.64±0.02e	0.67±0.02e	1.54±0.05c	1.64±0.04d	1.55±0.01b	1.88±0.02b	2.06±0.05c	2.68±0.09b
		N180	1.11±0.04d	1.07±0.03d	1.63±0.03c	1.56±0.03de	1.61±0.02ab	1.84±0.04b	2.15±0.03abc	2.69±0.08b
		N270	1.26±0.01c	1.35±0.04c	1.54±0.04c	1.50±0.01e	1.67±0.04a	2.15±0.03a	2.24±0.03a	2.99±0.09a
	F值	T	251.90^**	885.24^**	63.94^**	830.03^**	8.18^*	88.13^**	1.63ns	46.77^**
		N	120.81^**	487.61^**	190.54^**	68.79^**	26.76^**	14.44^**	9.79^**	7.81^**
		T×N	1.38ns	48.31^**	172.13^**	66.40^**	4.97^*	30.09^**	0.28ns	0.50ns

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