新型增效复合肥料对水稻养分吸收和产量的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20192829

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

肥料减施增效对于保障我国农业的可持续性发展意义重大,研究新型增效复合肥料对水稻养分吸收和产量的影响有助于保障我国粮食安全。采用大田试验,设置常规复合肥料(CG)、增效复合肥料(ZZ)、常规复合肥料减量20%(80%CG)和增效复合肥料减量20%(80%ZZ)4个试验处理,以研究新型增效复合肥料对水稻生长性状、养分吸收和产量的影响。结果表明:与常规复合肥料处理相比,增效复合肥料处理能够增加水稻分蘖期、拔节期、抽穗期、灌浆期和成熟期单株鲜质量、株高、SPAD值和根体积,在成熟期,增效复合肥料处理的水稻单株鲜质量、株高、SPAD值和根体积分别提高了11.71%,1.29%,8.02%和46.48%,增效复合肥料减量20%处理的水稻单株鲜质量、株高、SPAD值和根体积分别提高了2.29%,0.31%,3.70%和4.09%。与常规复合肥料处理相比,增效复合肥料处理能够增加水稻茎叶干物质量和籽粒干物质量的比例分别为24.46%和21.39%。增效复合肥料减量20%处理增加水稻茎叶干物质量和籽粒干物质量的比例分别为6.07%和8.15%。与常规复合肥料处理相比,增效复合肥料处理的水稻茎叶氮含量和籽粒氮含量分别增加了10.68%和36.96%,增效复合肥料和增效复合肥料减量20%处理的水稻茎叶磷含量分别增加了26.51%和11.24%,增效复合肥料处理的水稻籽粒磷含量增加了10.39%,增效复合肥料减量20%处理的水稻籽粒磷含量降低了5.41%。与常规复合肥料处理相比,增效复合肥料处理的水稻茎叶钾含量增加了19.91%,籽粒钾含量降低了15.83%,增效复合肥料减量20%处理的茎叶钾含量降低了6.56%,籽粒钾含量增加了0.62%。与常规复合肥料处理相比,增效复合肥料处理的水稻产量提高了22.02%,且差异性显著,增效复合肥料减量20%处理的水稻产量提高了1.12%,增效复合肥料处理的水稻穗长、穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量和结实率在各处理中为最高。综上,增效复合肥料能够提高水稻各生育期的生长指标,改善水稻的氮素吸收、磷素吸收和钾素吸收状况,提高作物产量,具有较好的增效效果,增效复合肥料减量20%处理与常规复合肥料相比,能够实现化肥减量不减产,值得进一步推广应用。

关键词: 水稻, 产量, 生长指标, 养分吸收, 新型增效复合肥

Abstract:

Reducing fertilizer application and increasing efficiency is of great significance to ensuring the sustainable development of agriculture.Research on the impact of new-type synergistic compound fertilizers on rice nutrient absorption and yield will help ensure the food security.Four treatments which were conventional compound fertilizer(CG),synergistic compound fertilizer(ZZ),conventional compound fertilizer reduction by 20%(80% CG),and synergistic compound fertilizer by 20%(80%ZZ)was set.The results showed that:Compared with the conventional compound fertilizer treatment,the synergistic compound fertilizer treatment could increase the fresh weight,plant height,SPAD value and root volume of rice at tillering stage,jointing stage,heading stage,filling stage and maturity stage.At the maturity stage,the fresh weight,plant height,SPAD value and root volume of rice plants treated with the synergistic compound fertilizer increased by 11.71%,1.29%,8.02% and 46.48%,respectively.The rice plant treated by the synergistic compound fertilizer reduced by 20% treatment increased by 2.29%,0.31%,3.70% and 4.09%,respectively.Compared with the conventional compound fertilizer treatment,the synergistic compound fertilizer treatment could increase the dry matter weight of stems and leaves and the dry matter weight of grains by 24.46% and 21.39%,respectively.The synergistic compound fertilizer treatment to increase the dry matter weight of rice stems and leaves and the dry matter weight of grain was 6.07% and 8.15%,respectively.Compared with the conventional compound fertilizer treatment,the nitrogen content of rice stems and leaves and the nitrogen content of grains under the treatment of synergistic compound fertilizer increased by 10.68% and 36.96%,respectively.The phosphorus content of rice stems and leaves increased by 26.51% and 11.24%,respectively.The phosphorus content of rice grains treated with synergistic compound fertilizer increased by 10.39%,and the phosphorus content of rice grains treated with synergistic compound fertilizer reduced by 20% decreased by 5.41%.Compared with the conventional compound fertilizer treatment,the potassium content in the stems and leaves of rice treated with the synergistic compound fertilizer increased by 19.91%,the potassium content in the rice grains decreased by 15.83%,and the potassium content in the stems and leaves of the synergistic compound fertilizer reduced by 20% treatment decreased 6.56%,the potassium content of grains increased by 0.62%.Compared with conventional compound fertilizer treatment,the yield of rice treated with synergistic compound fertilizer increased by 22.02% and the difference was significant.The yield of rice treated with synergistic compound fertilizer reduced by 20% increased by 1.12%.The rice panicle length,panicle number,grain number per panicle,1 000-grain weight and seed setting rate of rice of synergistic compound fertilizer were the highest among all the treatments.In summary,the synergistic compound fertilizer can improve the growth index of rice in each growth period,improve the nitrogen absorption,phosphorus absorption and potassium absorption of rice,and increase crop yield.Compared with conventional compound fertilizer,the 20% reduction treatment of synergistic compound fertilizer can realize the reduction of chemical fertilizer without reducing production,and it is worthy of further popularization and application.

Key words: Rice, Yield, Growth index, Nutrient absorption, New type synergistic compound fertilizer

周丽平, 赵秋, 张新建, 宁晓光, 袁亮, 李燕婷, 赵秉强. 新型增效复合肥料对水稻养分吸收和产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2022, 37(2): 112-120. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192829.

ZHOU Liping, ZHAO Qiu, ZHANG Xinjian, NING Xiaoguang, YUAN Liang, LI Yanting, ZHAO Bingqiang. Effect of New Type Synergistic Compound Fertilizer on Rice Nutrient Absorption and Yield[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2022, 37(2): 112-120. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20192829.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2022/V37/I2/112

图/表 7

图1 新型增效复合肥料对水稻各生育期鲜质量的影响
不同小写字母表示处理间差异达5%显著水平。图2—4同。

Fig.1 Effect of new synergistic compound fertilizer on fresh weight of rice at each growth stage
Different letters mean significant difference at the 5% level.The same as Fig.2—4.

图2 新型增效复合肥料对水稻各生育期株高的影响

Fig.2 Effect of new synergistic compound fertilizer on plant height of rice at each growth stage

图3 新型增效复合肥料对水稻各生育期SPAD值的影响

Fig.3 Effect of new synergistic compound fertilizer on SPAD value of rice at each growth stage

图4 新型增效复合肥料对水稻各生育期根体积的影响

Fig.4 Effect of new synergistic compound fertilizer on root volume of rice at each growth stage

表1 新型增效复合肥料对水稻收获期干物质量的影响

Tab.1 Effect of new synergistic compound fertilizer on dry matter quality of rice at harvest stageg/株

处理 Treatment	茎叶 Stem and leaf	籽粒 Grain
CG	33.19±2.23b	42.35±1.27c
ZZ	41.31±0.67a	51.41±0.85a
80%CG	25.55±1.52c	32.21±1.59d
80%ZZ	35.20±0.69b	45.80±0.64b

表2 新型增效复合肥料对水稻收获期养分吸收的影响

Tab.2 Effects of new synergistic compound fertilizers on nutrient absorption during rice harvest stageg/kg

处理 Treatment	氮含量 Nitrogen content		磷含量 Phosphorus content		钾含量 Potassium content
处理 Treatment	茎叶 Stem and leaf	籽粒 Grain	茎叶 Stem and leaf	籽粒 Grain	茎叶 Stem and leaf	籽粒 Grain
CG	12.62±0.27b	8.61±0.20c	1.25±0.04c	2.36±0.06b	26.32±1.52b	3.24±0.05b
ZZ	13.97±0.68a	11.79±0.47a	1.58±0.09a	2.60±0.08a	31.56±0.84a	2.73±0.08c
80%CG	8.76±0.25d	6.91±0.15d	0.81±0.05d	1.89±0.03d	23.03±0.67d	3.57±0.07a
80%ZZ	11.14±0.37c	9.70±0.12b	1.39±0.06b	2.23±0.04c	24.59±0.79c	3.26±0.08b

表3 新型增效复合肥料对水稻产量及其构成因素的影响

Tab.3 The effect of new synergistic compound fertilizer on rice yield and its components

处理 Treatment	穗长/cm Ear length	穗数/ (万穗/hm²) Ear number	穗粒数/(个/穗) Number of grains per spike	千粒质量/g Weight of thousand grains	结实率/% Seed setting rate	产量/(kg/hm²) Yield
CG	16.90±0.75b	235.75±8.73c	216.50±3.42b	25.68±0.34b	85.25±2.22b	11 125.00±206.16b
ZZ	18.61±0.68a	272.25±4.11a	245.75±7.46a	27.40±0.58a	89.50±1.29a	13 575.00±464.58a
80%CG	15.58±0.59c	215.50±7.05d	167.50±2.65c	23.28±0.73c	82.50±1.29c	9 700.00±535.41c
80%ZZ	17.13±0.66b	257.00±6.98b	223.75±8.02b	25.75±0.29b	84.75±1.71bc	11 250.00±580.23b

参考文献 25

[1]	王丽英,赵小翠,曲明山,袁会敏,陈清,赵永志,王克武.京郊设施果类蔬菜土肥水管理现状及技术需求[J].华北农学报,2012,27(S1):298-303.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-7091.2012.21.059.
	Wang L Y,Zhao X C,Qu M S,Yuan H M,Chen Q,Zhao Y Z,Wang K W.The status and technique requirement of soil fertilization and irrigation for fruit vegetable in greenhouse[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2012,27(S1):298-303. URL
[2]	张维理,武淑霞,冀宏杰,Kolbe H.中国农业面源污染形势估计及控制对策 I.21世纪初期中国农业面源污染的形势估计[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(7):1008-1017.doi:10.3321/j.issn:0578-1752.2004.07.012.
	Zhang W L,Wu S X,Ji H J,Kolbe H.Estimation of agricultural non-point source pollution in China and the alleviating Strategies I.Estimation of agricultural non-point source pollution in China in early 21 century[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2004,37(7):1008-1017.
[3]	余琼,索炎炎,司贤宗,张翔,李亮,孙艳敏.不同缓控释肥种类及施用深度对花生养分积累及产质量的影响[J].华北农学报,2020,35(2):152-160.doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20190624.
	Yu Q,Suo Y Y,Si X Z,Zhang X,Li L,Sun Y M.Effects of different slow controlled release fertilizers and application depth on nutrient accumulation,yield and quality of peanut[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2020,35(2):152-160.
[4]	胡雪荻,耿元波,梁涛.缓控释肥在茶园中应用的研究进展[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2018(1):1-8.doi:10.11838/sfsc.20180101.
	Hu X D,Geng Y B,Liang T.The progress of controlled-release fertilizer applied in tea garden[J].Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2018(1):1-8.
[5]	Wei Y N,Fan W,Wang W,Deng L S.Identification of nitrate pollution sources of groundwater and analysis of potential pollution paths in loess regions:A case study in Tongchuan region,China[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2017,76(12):1-13.doi:10.1007/s12665-017-6756-9.
[6]	李军,袁亮,赵秉强,李燕婷,张水勤,温延臣,李伟,林治安.腐植酸尿素对玉米生长及肥料氮利用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2017,23(2):524-530.doi:10.11674/zwyf.16156.
	Li J,Yuan L,Zhao B Q,Li Y T,Zhang S Q,Wen Y C,Li W,Lin Z A.Effect of urea containing humic acid on maize growth and ¹⁵N utilization[J].Jounal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2017,23(2):524-530.
[7]	袁亮,赵秉强,林治安,温延臣,李燕婷.增值尿素对小麦产量、氮肥利用率及肥料氮在土壤剖面中分布的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(3):620-628.doi:10.11674/zwyf.2014.0313.
	Yuan L,Zhao B Q,Lin Z A,Wen Y C,Li Y T.Effects of value-added urea on wheat yield and N use efficiency and the distribution of residual N in soil profiles[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2014,20(3):620-628.
[8]	李志坚,林治安,赵秉强,袁亮,李燕婷,温延臣.增效磷肥对冬小麦产量和磷素利用率的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(6):1329-1336.doi:10.11674/zwyf.2013.0606.
	Li Z J,Lin Z A,Zhao B Q,Yuan L,Li Y T,Wen Y C.Effects of value-added phosphate fertilizers on yield and phosphorus utilization of winter wheat[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2013,19(6):1329-1336.
[9]	刘畅,贺浩强,王茜,李晓寒,岳彪辉,普红青,袁义丽,桂枝,卢树昌.腐植酸和生物炭配施对饲用甜高粱生长与土壤磷素吸收状况的影响[J].天津农业科学,2019,25(7):69-72,78.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2019.07.015.
	Liu C,He H Q,Wang X,Li X H,Yue B H,Pu H Q,Yuan Y L,Gui Z,Lu S C.Effects of combined application of humic acid and biochar on feed-sweet sorghum growth and soil phosphorus uptake[J].Tianjin Agricultural Sciences,2019,25(7):69-72,78.
[10]	鲁艳红,聂军,廖育林,周兴,王宇,汤文光.氮素抑制剂对双季稻产量、氮素利用效率及土壤氮平衡的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(1):95-104.doi:10.11674/zwyf.17072.
	Lu Y H,Nie J,Liao Y L,Zhou X,Wang Y,Tang W G.Effects of urease and nitrification inhibitor on yield,nitrogen efficiency and soil nitrogen balance under double-rice cropping system[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2018,24(1):95-104.
[11]	袁丽峰,黄腾跃,王晓玲,王改玲.腐殖酸和腐殖酸有机肥对玉米产量及粗蛋白质含量的影响[J].天津农业科学,2014,20(8):87-90.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2014.08.022.
	Yuan L F,Huang T Y,Wang X L,Wang G L.Effects of humic organic fertilizer on the yield and crude protein content of maize[J].Tianjin Agricultural Sciences,2014,20(8):87-90.
[12]	黄巧义,张木,黄旭,唐拴虎,张发宝,逄玉万,易琼,李苹,付弘婷.聚脲甲醛缓释氮肥一次性基施在双季稻上的应用效果[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(20):3996-4006.doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.20.017.
	Huang Q Y,Zhang M,Huang X,Tang S H,Zhang F B,Pang Y W,Yi Q,Li P,Fu H T.Effect of one-off application of poly urea-formaldehyde fertilizer under reduced N rate on double cropping rice[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2018,51(20):3996-4006.
[13]	Liu M L,Wang C,Wang F Y,Xie Y J.Maize(Zea mays)growth and nutrient uptake following integrated improvement of vermicompost and humic acid fertilizer on coastal saline soil[J].Applied Soil Ecology,2019,142:147-154.doi:10.1016/j.apsoil.2019.04.024.
[14]	Lu C Y,Chen H H,Teng Z Z,Yuan L,Ma J,He H B,Chen X,Zhang X D,Shi Y.Effects of N fertilization and maize straw on the dynamics of soil organic N and amino acid N derived from fertilizer N as indicated by ¹⁵N labeling[J].Geoderma,2018,321:118-126.doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2018.02.014.
[15]	黄继川,彭智平,涂玉婷,吴雪娜,梁志雄,杨林香,林志军.施用海藻酸复合肥料的双季稻产量和氮磷肥料效应[J].热带作物学报,2020,41(5):859-867.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2020.05.003.
	Huang J C,Peng Z P,Tu Y T,Wu X N,Liang Z X,Yang L X,Lin Z J.Yield,nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient effects of alginate compound fertilizer on double-cropping rice[J].Chinese Journal of Tropical Crops,2020,41(5):859-867.
[16]	李杰,卢宗云,石元亮,张蕾,王玲莉,聂宏光,张鹰,李忠,魏占波.新型聚氨酸增效肥料对小白菜根系活性与产量的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2019(1):134-139.doi:10.11838/sfsc.1673-6257.18120.
	Li J,Lu Z Y,Shi Y L,Zhang L,Wang L L,Nie H G,Zhang Y,Li Z,Wei Z B.Effect of new type synertist of pyly amino acid fertilizer on pakchio root activity and yield[J].Soil and Fertilizer Science in China,2019(1):134-139.
[17]	桑卫民,李絮花.增效复混肥在马铃薯上的应用效果[J].山东农业科学,2020,52(12):75-78.doi:10.14083/j.issn.1001-4942.2020.12.014.
	Sang W M,Li X H.Application effects of efficient-enhancing compound fertilizers on potato[J].Shandong Agricultural Sciences,2020,52(12):75-78.
[18]	鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
	Bao S D.Soil agrochemical analysis[M].3 Edition.Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2000.
[19]	王海标,张博,陶静静,常凤,杜梦鸽,王宜伦.海藻酸复混肥对夏玉米产量及养分吸收利用的影响[J].农学学报,2017,7(10):25-29.
	Wang H B,Zhang B,Tao J J,Chang F,Du M G,Wang Y L.Effects of alginic acid compound fertilizer on yield and nutrient absorption and utilization of summer maize[J].Journal of Agriculture,2017,7(10):25-29.
[20]	王森,莫菁华,汪洋,游秋香,任涛,丛日环,李小坤.水稻-再生稻体系干物质积累及氮磷钾养分的吸收利用[J].中国水稻科学,2018,32(1):67-77.doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2018.7027.
	Wang S,Mo J H,Wang Y,You Q X,Ren T,Cong R H,Li X K.Dry matter accumulation and N,P,K absorption and utilization in rice-ratoon rice system[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2018,32(1):67-77.
[21]	吴文革,张洪程,钱银飞,陈烨,徐军,吴桂成,翟超群,霍中洋,戴其根.超级杂交中籼水稻物质生产特性分析[J].中国水稻科学,2007,21(3):287-293.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1001-7216.2007.03.012.
	Wu W G,Zhang H C,Qian Y F,Chen Y,Xu J,Wu G C,Zhai C Q,Huo Z Y,Dai Q G.Analysis on dry matter production characteristics of middle-season indica super hybrid rice[J].Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2007,21(3):287-293.
[22]	陈健晓,孟卫东,林尤珍,符研,符淑瑜.不同栽培模式对海南超级稻—再生稻产量形成的影响[J].杂交水稻,2015,30(2):38-44.doi:10.16267/j.cnki.1005-3956.201502015.
	Chen J X,Meng W D,Lin Y Z,Fu Y,Fu S Y.Effects of different cultivation models on yield formation of super rice-ratooning rice in Hainan[J].Hybrid Rice,2015,30(2):38-44.
[23]	陈鸿飞,林瑞余,梁义元,郑履端,梁康迳,林文雄.不同栽培模式早稻-再生稻头季干物质积累运转特性研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2008,16(1):129-133.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1011.2008.00129.
	Chen H F,Lin R Y,Liang Y Y,Zheng L D,Liang K J,Lin W X.Dry-matter accumulation and transportation in first-rice crop of early rice-ratoon rice under different cultivation patterns[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2008,16(1):129-133.
[24]	雷舜,王抄抄,黄炎,黄穗华,符如壮,唐湘如.分蘖期控制灌溉对土温及水稻干物质积累等的影响[J].华北农学报,2016,31(2):153-158.doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2016.02.025.
	Lei S,Wang C C,Huang Y,Huang S H,Fu R Z,Tang X R.Effect of control irrigation on soil temperature and dry matter accumulation of rice during tillering stage[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2016,31(2):153-158. URL
[25]	王伟涛,孟庆敏,高丽超,陈琪,郑文魁,王淳,孙玲丽,刘之广,张民.海藻酸与控释尿素配施对小麦玉米产量及土壤养分的影响[J].水土保持学报,2021,35(5):280-288.doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2021.05.038.
	Wang W T,Meng Q M,Gao L C,Chen Q,Zheng W K,Wang C,Sun L L,Liu Z G,Zhang M.Effects of combined application of alginic acid and controlled-release urea on yield of wheat and maize,and soil nutrient[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2021,35(5):280-288.

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容