不同时期喷施尿囊素对盐碱地甜菜光合特性及产量的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194391

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究尿囊素的最佳施用时期,以甜研8号为试验材料,在黑龙江省肇东市尚家镇五间村盐碱地进行,共设置6个处理,分别于苗期(M)、叶丛快速生长期(Y)、块根膨大期(K)、苗期+叶丛快速生长期(MY)和苗期+叶丛快速生长期+块根膨大期(MYK)喷施质量浓度为0.1 mmol/L的尿囊素,对照喷施清水(CK)。测定不同时期喷施尿囊素对甜菜光合特性、抗氧化酶活性以及块根产量指标的影响。结果表明,尿囊素处理后叶绿素含量与CK相比有所提高,其中MY处理在各个时期高出27.8%,12.4%,21.8%,32.2%;喷施尿囊素的处理气孔导度在RuBP活性、蒸腾速率、光化学淬灭能力、实际光合效率和抗氧化酶活性与CK相比均有不同程度的提升;非光学淬灭能力、丙二醛含量以及胞间CO₂浓度均低于CK,其中MY处理效果最好,MYK处理与MY处理间并没有显著差异。与CK处理相比,MY处理块根的产量提高了26.6%,产糖量增加了21.3%。综上所述,苗期+叶丛生长期喷施尿囊素能有效缓解盐碱胁迫给甜菜带来的危害,从而提高甜菜产量,为外源尿囊素提高甜菜耐盐碱性提供理论依据。

关键词: 甜菜, 盐碱胁迫, 尿囊素, 抗氧化酶, 光合特性, 产量

Abstract:

In order to investigate the optimal application period of allantoin,Sweet Research No.8 was used as the experimental material in saline soil located in Wuma Village,Shangjia Town,Zhaodong City,Heilongjiang Province.Six treatments were established:spraying with a mass concentration of 0.1 mmol/L allantoin at the seedling stage(M),leaf tufts rapid growth stage(Y),tuber expansion stage(K),seedling stage + leaf tufts rapid growth stage(MY),and seedling stage + leaf tufts rapid growth stage + tuber expansion stage(MYK),and a control group was sprayed with water(CK).The effects of allantoin spraying on the photosynthetic characteristics,antioxidant enzyme activities and tuber yield indexes of sugar beet were determined at different periods.The results showed that the chlorophyll content of allantoin treatment increased compared with that of CK,and with the MY treatment being 27.8%,12.4%,21.8%,and 32.2% higher than the MY treatment in all periods;the stomatal conductance of allantoin sprayed treatments,RuBP enzyme activity,transpiration rate,photochemical quenching capacity,actual photosynthetic efficiency,and antioxidant enzyme activity were all differently enhanced compared with that of CK;the nonoptical quenching capacity,malondialdehyde content,and intercellular CO₂concentration were lower than CK,with the MY treatment having the best effect,and there was no significant difference between the MYK and MY treatments.Compared with the CK treatment,the yield of MY-treated tubers increased by 26.6%,and the sugar yield increased by 21.3% percentage points.In summary,spraying allantoin in the seedling + leaf cluster growth period can effectively alleviate the harm caused by saline stress to sugar beet,thus improving sugar beet yield,and providing a theoretical basis for exogenous allantoin to improve saline-alkali tolerance of sugar beet.

Key words: Beet salt, Saline-alkali stress, Allantoin, Antioxidant enzyme, Photosynthetic characteristic, Yield

于新睿, 赵佳楠, 庄延龙, 王超, 赵翎华, 杨肖飞, 王玉波, 李彩凤. 不同时期喷施尿囊素对盐碱地甜菜光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2024, 39(S1): 117-124. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194391.

YU Xinrui, ZHAO Jianan, ZHUANG Yanlong, WANG Chao, ZHAO Linghua, YANG Xiaofei, WANG Yubo, LI Caifeng. Effects of Allantoin Spraying at Different Periods on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Sugar Beet Planted in Saline-alkali Soil[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(S1): 117-124. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194391.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2024/V39/IS1/117

图/表 14

图1 不同时期喷施尿囊素对叶片总叶绿素含量的影响不同小写字母表示不同处理差异显著(P<0.05)。图2-13同。

Fig.1 Effects of spraying allantain on total chlorophyll content of leaves in different periods Different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between treatments(P<0.05).The same as Fig.2-13.

图2 不同时期喷施尿囊素对叶片RuBP羧化酶的影响

Fig.2 Effects of spraying allantoin on RuBP carboxylase in leaves at different times

图3 不同时期喷施尿囊素对叶绿体光化学淬灭的影响

Fig.3 Effects of spraying allantion at different stages on photochemical quenching of chloroplasts

图4 不同时期喷施尿囊素对叶绿体非光化学淬灭的影响

Fig.4 Effect of allantoin spraying at different stages on non-photochemical quenching of chloroplasts

图5 不同时期喷施尿囊素对叶片实际净光合速率的影响

Fig.5 Effects of spraying allantion on the actual net photosynthetic rate of leaves in different periods

图6 不同时期喷施尿囊素对叶片净光合速率的影响

Fig.6 Effects of allantoin spraying on leaf net photosynthetic rate in different periods

图7 不同时期喷施尿囊素对叶片气孔导度的影响

Fig.7 Effects of allantoin spraying on blade stomatal conductance in different periods

图8 不同时期喷施尿囊素对叶片蒸腾速率的影响

Fig.8 Effects of allantoin spraying on leaf transpiration rate at different periods

图9 不同时期喷施尿囊素对叶片胞间CO₂浓度的影响

Fig.9 Effects of spraying alantoin on leaf intercellular CO₂ concentration at different times

图10 不同时期喷施尿囊素对叶片超氧化物歧化酶活性的影响

Fig.10 Effect of spraying allantoin at different stages on SOD activity in leaves

图11 不同时期喷施尿囊素对叶片过氧化物酶活性的影响

Fig.11 Effect of spraying allantoin at different stages on POD activity in leaves

图12 不同时期喷施尿囊素对叶片过氧化氢酶活性的影响

Fig.12 Effect of spraying allantoin at different stages on CAT activity in leaves

图13 不同时期喷施尿囊素对叶片丙二醛含量的影响

Fig.13 Effect of spraying allantoin at different stages on MDA content in leaves

表1 不同时期喷施尿囊素对盐碱地甜菜产量的影响

Tab.1 Effects of spraying allantoin at different stages on sugar beet yield in saline-alkali soil

处理 Treatment	块根产量/(t/hm²) Root yield	含糖率/% Rate of sugar content	产糖量/(t/hm²) Sugar yield
CK	43.97±0.53d	15.75±0.71ab	6.93±0.27bc
M	47.97±0.88b	16.38±0.31a	7.85±0.20b
Y	44.34±0.73d	14.51±0.18c	6.43±0.18c
K	46.07±0.88c	15.37±0.74b	7.08±0.35bc
MY	55.69±1.02a	15.10±0.81bc	8.41±0.69a
MYK	55.22±0.73a	14.85±0.27bc	8.20±0.20a

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