不同施肥方式对香稻产量、品质以及香气的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195472

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了研究不同施肥处理对香稻产量、品质和香气的影响,以青香优19香为研究对象,分别设置了撒施复合肥(T1)、6 cm深施复合肥(T2)、撒施尿素(T3)、6 cm深施尿素(T4)和不施肥处理(T5)5种施肥处理,于2022,2023年探究不同施肥方式对香稻产量、品质、香气以及生理特性的影响。试验结果表明,不同施肥处理对香稻的产量和品质均有影响。深施肥处理(T2和T4)下香稻的产量显著高于撒施肥处理(T1和T3)。另外,T2和T4处理下香稻产量在2022,2023年分别比T5处理高出19.61%和20.03%,39.57%和32.28%。在叶片净光合速率方面,深施肥处理显著提高了香稻叶片的净光合效率,与T5处理相比,在2022,2023年,净光合效率在T2和T4处理下分别提高了25.69%,15.95%和17.83%,11.28%。此外,在深施肥处理下,香稻的2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉(2-AP)含量、2-AP合成相关前体物质含量和主要酶活性均有所提高。相较于T5处理,T2的2-AP含量显著增加,在2022,2023年分别达到了161.31,180.17 μg/kg。另外,深施肥处理下,香气前体物质含量和主要酶活性也显著提高。其中,在2022,2023年,T2处理香稻籽粒的脯氨酸、吡咯啉-5-羧酸以及1-吡咯啉含量分别提高了9.90%,10.08%,4.38%和8.13%,8.26%,6.06%,同时吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶和脯氨酸脱氢酶活性分别提高了8.72%,27.79%和5.52%,30.91%。综上所述,深施肥处理能够显著提高香稻的产量、品质、叶片净光合速率并促进2-AP的生物合成。

关键词: 香稻, 产量, 品质, 深施肥, 2-乙酰基-1-吡咯啉

Abstract:

In order to study the effects of different fertilization treatments on the growth and development of aromatic rice,the present experiment was conducted with Qingxiangyou 19 xiang as the experimental material,and five fertilization treatments were designed,broadcasting compound fertilizer(T1),6 cm deep application of compound fertilizer(T2),broadcasting urea(T3),6 cm deep application of urea(T4),and no fertilizer applied treatment(T5),to explore the impacts of different fertilizer applications on the yield,quality,aroma,photosynthetic efficiency,and several other physiological properties of aromatic rice.The results of the experiment showed that the different fertilizer treatments had significant effects on the yield and quality of aromatic rice.The yields of aromatic rice were significantly higher in the deep-fertilization treatments(T2 and T4)than broadcasting-fertilization treatments(T1 and T3).In addition,the yield of aromatic rice was 19.61%,20.03%,39.57% and 32.28% higher than T5 treatment under T2 and T4 treatments in 2022 and 2023,respectively.In terms of net leaf photosynthetic rate,deep fertilization treatments significantly increased the net photosynthetic efficiency of aroma rice leaves by 25.69%,15.95%,17.83% and 11.28% under T2 and T4 treatments in 2022 and 2023,respectively,compared with T5 treatment.Moreover,2-acetyl-1-pyrroline(2-AP)content,2-AP synthesis-related precursor contents,and major enzyme activities were increased in aromatic rice under the deep fertilization treatments.Compared to the T5 treatment,the 2-AP content was significantly increased in the T2 treatments,reaching 161.31,180.17 μg/kg in 2022 and 2023,respectively.Furthermore,a significant increase in precursor content and major enzyme activities were also observed under deep fertilization treatments.The contents of proline,pyrrolidine-5-carboxylic acid and 1-pyrrolidine were increased by 9.90%,10.08%,4.38% and 8.13%,8.26%,6.06% under T2 treatment in 2022 and 2023,respectively.The activities of pyrrolidine-5-carboxylic acid synthetase and proline dehydrogenase activities were enhanced by 8.72%,27.79%,5.52% and 30.91% under the T2 treatment in 2022 and 2023,respectively.In conclusion,the deep fertilization treatment was able to significantly increase the yield,quality,net photosynthetic rate of leaves and promote the biosynthesis of 2-AP in aromatic rice.

Key words: Aromatic rice, Yield, Quality, Deep fertilization, 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline

中图分类号:

S511稻

蒲小娟, 李英琪, 罗昊文, 邢丕鹏, 刘梅英, 吴义祝, 何珍珍, 潘圣刚. 不同施肥方式对香稻产量、品质以及香气的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(3): 89-96. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195472.

PU Xiaojuan, LI Yingqi, LUO Haowen, XING Pipeng, LIU Meiying, WU Yizhu, HE Zhenzhen, PAN Shenggang. Effects of Different Fertilization Methods on Yield,Quality, and Aroma of Aromatic Rice[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(3): 89-96. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195472.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2025/V40/I3/89

图/表 7

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年份 Year	处理 Treatments	糙米率 Brown rice rate	精米率 Milled rice rate	整精米率 Head rice rate	蛋白质含量 Protein content	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content
2022	T1	85.22±0.22ab	68.61±0.57bc	54.57±0.97a	7.78±0.29bc	17.93±0.44c
	T2	85.20±0.10ab	70.99±0.49a	56.03±0.54a	7.63±0.11c	19.98±0.48ab
	T3	85.70±0.10a	69.10±0.70ab	54.26±0.17a	8.27±0.05b	18.60±0.90bc
	T4	84.98±0.12b	70.67±0.70a	56.24±0.33a	7.59±0.18c	21.55±0.28a
	T5	83.84±0.38c	67.01±0.45c	51.85±0.92b	9.02±0.17a	17.97±0.31c
2023	T1	84.82±0.25b	75.30±1.27b	48.23±0.65c	8.17±0.03b	17.13±0.03b
	T2	84.19±0.46bc	81.72±1.32a	51.03±0.93a	7.33±0.03c	17.60±0.10ab
	T3	85.47±0.34a	74.64±0.66b	49.14±0.22abc	8.13±0.03b	17.27±0.09ab
	T4	84.08±0.04c	81.03±0.95a	50.55±0.65ab	7.63±0.07c	17.70±0.10a
	T5	83.60±0.21c	77.40±0.78b	48.73±0.62bc	8.77±0.23a	16.53±0.32c

年份 Year	处理 Treatments	糙米率 Brown rice rate	精米率 Milled rice rate	整精米率 Head rice rate	蛋白质含量 Protein content	直链淀粉含量 Amylose content
2022	T1	85.22±0.22ab	68.61±0.57bc	54.57±0.97a	7.78±0.29bc	17.93±0.44c
	T2	85.20±0.10ab	70.99±0.49a	56.03±0.54a	7.63±0.11c	19.98±0.48ab
	T3	85.70±0.10a	69.10±0.70ab	54.26±0.17a	8.27±0.05b	18.60±0.90bc
	T4	84.98±0.12b	70.67±0.70a	56.24±0.33a	7.59±0.18c	21.55±0.28a
	T5	83.84±0.38c	67.01±0.45c	51.85±0.92b	9.02±0.17a	17.97±0.31c
2023	T1	84.82±0.25b	75.30±1.27b	48.23±0.65c	8.17±0.03b	17.13±0.03b
	T2	84.19±0.46bc	81.72±1.32a	51.03±0.93a	7.33±0.03c	17.60±0.10ab
	T3	85.47±0.34a	74.64±0.66b	49.14±0.22abc	8.13±0.03b	17.27±0.09ab
	T4	84.08±0.04c	81.03±0.95a	50.55±0.65ab	7.63±0.07c	17.70±0.10a
	T5	83.60±0.21c	77.40±0.78b	48.73±0.62bc	8.77±0.23a	16.53±0.32c

年份 Year	处理 Treatments	有效穗数/ (×10⁴/hm²) No. of effective panicles	穗粒数/(粒/穗) Grains number per panicle	结实率/% Seed setting rate	千粒质量/g 1000-grain weight	产量/(t/hm²) Yield
2022	T1	193.20±4.20b	166.71±9.97a	71.10±3.05b	22.72±0.47a	6.80±0.12b
	T2	243.60±10.71a	194.52±8.99a	75.50±2.07ab	22.15±0.75ab	7.21±0.13a
	T3	210.00±9.45b	179.83±18.49a	70.10±4.10b	21.34±0.14b	6.82±0.09b
	T4	243.60±8.40a	190.94±14.69a	79.40±3.32a	21.45±0.49ab	7.23±0.11a
	T5	159.60±5.25c	160.92±4.92a	72.50±3.45ab	21.26±0.21b	6.02±0.02c
2023	T1	218.40±5.14ab	196.32±3.45c	73.23±1.22c	20.37±0.12b	7.65±0.16b
	T2	226.80±7.86ab	225.21±10.78a	81.76±0.97a	21.88±0.10a	8.75±0.19a
	T3	235.20±7.86a	202.25±5.43bc	73.83±0.97bc	20.54±0.17b	7.74±0.16b
	T4	210.00±2.15b	221.11±3.10ab	76.75±1.32b	21.62±0.13a	8.29±0.02a
	T5	180.60±8.40c	198.28±6.76c	74.81±0.21bc	20.59±0.14b	6.27±0.16c

年份 Year	处理 Treatments	有效穗数/ (×10⁴/hm²) No. of effective panicles	穗粒数/(粒/穗) Grains number per panicle	结实率/% Seed setting rate	千粒质量/g 1000-grain weight	产量/(t/hm²) Yield
2022	T1	193.20±4.20b	166.71±9.97a	71.10±3.05b	22.72±0.47a	6.80±0.12b
	T2	243.60±10.71a	194.52±8.99a	75.50±2.07ab	22.15±0.75ab	7.21±0.13a
	T3	210.00±9.45b	179.83±18.49a	70.10±4.10b	21.34±0.14b	6.82±0.09b
	T4	243.60±8.40a	190.94±14.69a	79.40±3.32a	21.45±0.49ab	7.23±0.11a
	T5	159.60±5.25c	160.92±4.92a	72.50±3.45ab	21.26±0.21b	6.02±0.02c
2023	T1	218.40±5.14ab	196.32±3.45c	73.23±1.22c	20.37±0.12b	7.65±0.16b
	T2	226.80±7.86ab	225.21±10.78a	81.76±0.97a	21.88±0.10a	8.75±0.19a
	T3	235.20±7.86a	202.25±5.43bc	73.83±0.97bc	20.54±0.17b	7.74±0.16b
	T4	210.00±2.15b	221.11±3.10ab	76.75±1.32b	21.62±0.13a	8.29±0.02a
	T5	180.60±8.40c	198.28±6.76c	74.81±0.21bc	20.59±0.14b	6.27±0.16c

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