华北农学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 79-88. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195521

所属专题: 小麦 盐碱胁迫 栽培生理

• 耕作栽培·生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

全幅匀播对盐碱地冬小麦冠层光能利用特性及干物质转运的影响

韩小伟1, 宋元瑞2, , 王兆波2, 张洁2, 卢振宇1, 田雪慧1, 周江明1, 刘凯凯1, 李树兵1, 李明军1, 李伟1   

  1. 1 滨州市农业科学院,山东 滨州 256600
    2 滨州市农业技术推广中心,山东 滨州 256600
  • 收稿日期:2024-10-21 出版日期:2025-06-28
  • 通讯作者:
    宋元瑞(1971—),男,山东滨州人,正高级农艺师,主要从事小麦、玉米栽培生理研究。
  • 作者简介:

    韩小伟(1992—),男,山东滨州人,农艺师,硕士,主要从事作物栽培研究。

  • 基金资助:
    山东省农业重大技术协同推广计划项目(SDNYXTTG-2024-2)

Effects of Full-width Uniform Seeding on Canopy Light Energy Utilization Characteristics and Dry Matter Transport of Winter Wheat in Saline-alkali Land

HAN Xiaowei1, SONG Yuanrui2, , WANG Zhaobo2, ZHANG Jie2, LU Zhenyu1, TIAN Xuehui1, ZHOU Jiangming1, LIU Kaikai1, LI Shubing1, LI Mingjun1, LI Wei1   

  1. 1 Binzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Binzhou 256600,China
    2 Binzhou Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Binzhou 256600,China
  • Received:2024-10-21 Published:2025-06-28

摘要:

探明盐碱地全幅匀播对冬小麦冠层光能利用特性、干物质积累与转运的影响,阐明其高产高效的生理机制,为冬小麦全幅匀播在黄河三角洲推广提供理论和实践依据。于2022—2024年冬小麦生长季,采用京优368小麦品种为材料,设置全幅匀播和常规条播2种播种方式,分析不同播种方式下产量、干物质积累量、干物质转运量、冠层光合有效辐射截获量和光能利用率等指标差异,并对其进行相关性分析。全幅匀播下小麦产量和穗数均高于常规条播,2022—2023年全幅匀播分别极显著提高18.35%和46.97%,2023—2024年全幅匀播分别极显著提高18.71%和47.21%。全幅匀播下小麦茎蘖数高于常规条播,2022—2023年全幅匀播显著提高58.83%,2023—2024年全幅匀播极显著提高57.30%。全幅匀播下小麦开花期干物质积累量、成熟期干物质积累量和花前营养器官干物质转运量均高于常规条播,2022—2023年全幅匀播分别极显著提高75.78%,41.70%,109.69%,2023—2024年全幅匀播分别极显著提高71.23%,40.81%,98.07%。全幅匀播下小麦开花期叶面积指数、冠层光合有效辐射截获量和光能利用率均高于常规条播,2022—2023年全幅匀播分别极显著提高58.36%,4.11%,47.17%,2023—2024年全幅匀播分别极显著提高59.78%,4.11%,44.00%。综上所述,盐碱地小麦全幅匀播通过塑造合理群体结构和改善种床环境,以提高冠层光能利用性能和茎蘖生产力,有利于植株光合产物形成和单位面积穗数增加,最终实现小麦高产。因此,全幅匀播是黄河三角洲盐碱地冬小麦稳产、高产的较佳播种方式。

关键词: 小麦, 盐碱地, 全幅匀播, 光能利用特性, 干物质积累与转运

Abstract:

This study explored the effects of full-width uniform seeding on the canopy light energy utilization characteristics,dry matter accumulation and transport of winter wheat in saline-alkali land,and clarified the physiological mechanism of high yield and high efficiency,to provide theoretical and practical basis for the promotion of full-width uniform seeding of winter wheat in the Yellow River Delta.In the growing season of winter wheat from 2022 to 2024,Jingyou 368 wheat variety was used as the material,and two seeding patterns of full-width uniform seeding and conventional drill seeding were set up.The differences of yield,dry matter accumulation,dry matter transport,canopy photosynthetically active radiation interception amount and radiation use efficiency under different seeding patterns were analyzed,and the correlation analysis was carried out.The results showed that the yield and spike number of wheat under full width uniform seeding were higher than those under conventional drilling seeding.The full-width uniform seeding achieved extremely significant increases of 18.35% and 46.97% from 2022 to 2023,and 18.71% and 47.21% from 2023 to 2024,respectively.Under the full-width uniform seeding,the wheat stem & tillers number was higher than that under the conventional drilling seeding.From 2022 to 2023,full-width uniform seeding significantly increased the tiller number by 58.83%.From 2023 to 2024,full-width uniform seeding extremely significantly increased the tiller number by 57.30%.The dry matter accumulation of wheat at anthesis stage,dry matter accumulation at maturity stage and dry matter translocation of vegetative organs before anthesis under full-width uniform seeding were higher than those under conventional drilling seeding.From 2022 to 2023,full-width uniform seeding achieved extremely significant increases of 75.78%,41.70% and 109.69%,respectively,and from 2023 to 2024,full-width uniform seeding achieved extremely significant increases of 71.23%,40.81% and 98.07%,respectively.The leaf area index,canopy photosynthetic active radiation interception and radiation use efficiency of wheat under full-width uniform seeding were higher than those of conventional drilling seeding.The full-width uniform seeding in 2022—2023 achieved extremely significant increases of 58.36%,4.11% and 47.17%,respectively,and the full-width uniform seeding in 2023—2024 achieved extremely significant increases of 59.78%,4.11% and 44.00%,respectively.In summary,the full-width uniform seeding of wheat in saline-alkali land improves the canopy light energy utilization performance and tiller productivity by shaping a reasonable population structure and improving the seedbed environment,which is conducive to the formation of plant photosynthetic products and the increase of spike number per unit area,and ultimately achieves high yield of wheat.Therefore,full width uniform seeding is a better seeding pattern for stable and high yield of winter wheat in saline-alkali land of the Yellow River Delta.

Key words: Wheat, Saline-alkali land, Full-width uniform seeding, Light energy utilization characteristics, Dry matter accumulation and transport

中图分类号: 

引用本文

韩小伟, 宋元瑞, 王兆波, 张洁, 卢振宇, 田雪慧, 周江明, 刘凯凯, 李树兵, 李明军, 李伟. 全幅匀播对盐碱地冬小麦冠层光能利用特性及干物质转运的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(3): 79-88. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195521.

HAN Xiaowei, SONG Yuanrui, WANG Zhaobo, ZHANG Jie, LU Zhenyu, TIAN Xuehui, ZHOU Jiangming, LIU Kaikai, LI Shubing, LI Mingjun, LI Wei. Effects of Full-width Uniform Seeding on Canopy Light Energy Utilization Characteristics and Dry Matter Transport of Winter Wheat in Saline-alkali Land[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(3): 79-88. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195521.