全幅匀播对盐碱地冬小麦冠层光能利用特性及干物质转运的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195521

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

探明盐碱地全幅匀播对冬小麦冠层光能利用特性、干物质积累与转运的影响,阐明其高产高效的生理机制,为冬小麦全幅匀播在黄河三角洲推广提供理论和实践依据。于2022—2024年冬小麦生长季,采用京优368小麦品种为材料,设置全幅匀播和常规条播2种播种方式,分析不同播种方式下产量、干物质积累量、干物质转运量、冠层光合有效辐射截获量和光能利用率等指标差异,并对其进行相关性分析。全幅匀播下小麦产量和穗数均高于常规条播,2022—2023年全幅匀播分别极显著提高18.35%和46.97%,2023—2024年全幅匀播分别极显著提高18.71%和47.21%。全幅匀播下小麦茎蘖数高于常规条播,2022—2023年全幅匀播显著提高58.83%,2023—2024年全幅匀播极显著提高57.30%。全幅匀播下小麦开花期干物质积累量、成熟期干物质积累量和花前营养器官干物质转运量均高于常规条播,2022—2023年全幅匀播分别极显著提高75.78%,41.70%,109.69%,2023—2024年全幅匀播分别极显著提高71.23%,40.81%,98.07%。全幅匀播下小麦开花期叶面积指数、冠层光合有效辐射截获量和光能利用率均高于常规条播,2022—2023年全幅匀播分别极显著提高58.36%,4.11%,47.17%,2023—2024年全幅匀播分别极显著提高59.78%,4.11%,44.00%。综上所述,盐碱地小麦全幅匀播通过塑造合理群体结构和改善种床环境,以提高冠层光能利用性能和茎蘖生产力,有利于植株光合产物形成和单位面积穗数增加,最终实现小麦高产。因此,全幅匀播是黄河三角洲盐碱地冬小麦稳产、高产的较佳播种方式。

关键词: 小麦, 盐碱地, 全幅匀播, 光能利用特性, 干物质积累与转运

Abstract:

This study explored the effects of full-width uniform seeding on the canopy light energy utilization characteristics,dry matter accumulation and transport of winter wheat in saline-alkali land,and clarified the physiological mechanism of high yield and high efficiency,to provide theoretical and practical basis for the promotion of full-width uniform seeding of winter wheat in the Yellow River Delta.In the growing season of winter wheat from 2022 to 2024,Jingyou 368 wheat variety was used as the material,and two seeding patterns of full-width uniform seeding and conventional drill seeding were set up.The differences of yield,dry matter accumulation,dry matter transport,canopy photosynthetically active radiation interception amount and radiation use efficiency under different seeding patterns were analyzed,and the correlation analysis was carried out.The results showed that the yield and spike number of wheat under full width uniform seeding were higher than those under conventional drilling seeding.The full-width uniform seeding achieved extremely significant increases of 18.35% and 46.97% from 2022 to 2023,and 18.71% and 47.21% from 2023 to 2024,respectively.Under the full-width uniform seeding,the wheat stem & tillers number was higher than that under the conventional drilling seeding.From 2022 to 2023,full-width uniform seeding significantly increased the tiller number by 58.83%.From 2023 to 2024,full-width uniform seeding extremely significantly increased the tiller number by 57.30%.The dry matter accumulation of wheat at anthesis stage,dry matter accumulation at maturity stage and dry matter translocation of vegetative organs before anthesis under full-width uniform seeding were higher than those under conventional drilling seeding.From 2022 to 2023,full-width uniform seeding achieved extremely significant increases of 75.78%,41.70% and 109.69%,respectively,and from 2023 to 2024,full-width uniform seeding achieved extremely significant increases of 71.23%,40.81% and 98.07%,respectively.The leaf area index,canopy photosynthetic active radiation interception and radiation use efficiency of wheat under full-width uniform seeding were higher than those of conventional drilling seeding.The full-width uniform seeding in 2022—2023 achieved extremely significant increases of 58.36%,4.11% and 47.17%,respectively,and the full-width uniform seeding in 2023—2024 achieved extremely significant increases of 59.78%,4.11% and 44.00%,respectively.In summary,the full-width uniform seeding of wheat in saline-alkali land improves the canopy light energy utilization performance and tiller productivity by shaping a reasonable population structure and improving the seedbed environment,which is conducive to the formation of plant photosynthetic products and the increase of spike number per unit area,and ultimately achieves high yield of wheat.Therefore,full width uniform seeding is a better seeding pattern for stable and high yield of winter wheat in saline-alkali land of the Yellow River Delta.

Key words: Wheat, Saline-alkali land, Full-width uniform seeding, Light energy utilization characteristics, Dry matter accumulation and transport

中图分类号:

S512.01

韩小伟, 宋元瑞, 王兆波, 张洁, 卢振宇, 田雪慧, 周江明, 刘凯凯, 李树兵, 李明军, 李伟. 全幅匀播对盐碱地冬小麦冠层光能利用特性及干物质转运的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(3): 79-88. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195521.

HAN Xiaowei, SONG Yuanrui, WANG Zhaobo, ZHANG Jie, LU Zhenyu, TIAN Xuehui, ZHOU Jiangming, LIU Kaikai, LI Shubing, LI Mingjun, LI Wei. Effects of Full-width Uniform Seeding on Canopy Light Energy Utilization Characteristics and Dry Matter Transport of Winter Wheat in Saline-alkali Land[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(3): 79-88. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195521.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2025/V40/I3/79

图/表 7

图1 2022—2024年冬小麦季降水量及气温情况

Fig.1 Precipitation and temperature of winter wheat season in 2022—2024

表1 不同播种方式对盐碱地小麦产量及其构成因素的影响

Tab.1 Effects of different seeding patterns on wheat yield and its components in saline-alkali land

年份 Year	播种方式 Seeding pattern	产量/(kg/hm²) Grain yield	穗数/(万穗/hm²) Spike number	穗粒数 Grain number per spike	千粒质量/g 1000-kernel weight
2022—2023	全幅匀播	7 822.70±159.95Aa	718.52±13.35Aa	27.82±0.18Bb	34.35±0.09Bb
	常规条播	6 609.67±53.39Bb	488.89±7.35Bb	29.29±0.38Aa	40.40±0.15Aa
2023—2024	全幅匀播	7 697.32±75.73Aa	707.41±16.14Aa	27.56±0.34Bb	34.47±0.16Bb
	常规条播	6 483.88±75.09Bb	480.56±10.02Bb	28.90±0.18Aa	40.54±0.15Aa
显著性(P值)Significance(P-value)
播种方式Seeding pattern(P)		<0.001	<0.001	0.003	<0.001
年份Year(Y)		0.304	0.371	0.302	0.220
播种方式×年份 P×Y		0.412	0.895	0.840	0.998

图2 不同播种方式对盐碱地冬小麦干物质积累量的影响柱内不同小写字母和大写字母分别表示年内相同器官不同处理间差异达0.05显著水平和0.01极显著水平;柱上不同小写字母和大写字母分别表示年内总干物质积累量不同处理间差异达0.05显著水平和0.01极显著水平。

Fig.2 Effects of different seeding patterns on dry matter accumulation of winter wheat in saline-alkali land Different lowercase letters within the same column indicate significant differences among treatments for the same organ within the same year at the 0.05 level,while different uppercase letters indicate extremely significant differences at the 0.01 level;different lowercase letters on the bars indicate significant differences among treatments in total dry matter accumulation within the same year at the 0.05 level,while different uppercase letters indicate highly significant differences at the 0.01 level.

表2 不同播种方式对盐碱地冬小麦花前营养器官干物质运转及花后干物质同化的影响

Tab.2 Effects of different seeding patterns on dry matter translocation in vegetative organs before anthesis and dry matter assimilation after anthesis of winter wheat in saline-alkali land

年份 Year	播种方式 Seeding pattern	花前营养器官干物质 Dry matter of vegetative organs before anthesis				花后干物质 Dry matter after anthesis
年份 Year	播种方式 Seeding pattern	积累量/ (kg/hm²) Accumulation	转运量/ (kg/hm²) Translocation	转运效率/% Translocation ratio	对籽粒贡献率/% Contribution ratio to grain	同化量/ (kg/hm²) Assimilation	对籽粒贡献率/% Contribution ratio to grain
2022—2023	全幅匀播	14 678.53±274.58Aa	4 821.48±31.88Aa	32.87±0.61Aa	70.21±1.61Aa	2 051.82±152.56Bb	29.79±1.61Bb
	常规条播	8 350.62±51.23Bb	2 299.38±15.20Bb	27.54±0.24Bb	39.96±0.55Bb	3 456.48±62.18Aa	60.04±0.55Aa
2023—2024	全幅匀播	14 079.64±169.99Aa	4 503.71±112.70Aa	31.98±0.56Aa	66.84±1.92Aa	2 236.67±141.45Bb	33.16±1.92Bb
	常规条播	8 222.84±95.44Bb	2 273.77±64.96Bb	27.65±0.69Bb	40.34±1.42Bb	3 364.82±104.18Aa	59.66±1.42Aa
显著性(P值)Significance(P-value)
播种方式Seeding pattern(P)		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
年份Year(Y)		0.060	0.036	0.551	0.396	0.741	0.396
播种方式×年份P×Y		0.184	0.061	0.446	0.294	0.345	0.294

表 3 不同播种方式对盐碱地冬小麦冠层光合有效辐射相关指标及其光能利用率的影响

Tab.3 The effects of different seeding patterns on canopy photosynthetically active radiation-related indicators and light energy utilization efficiency of winter wheat in saline-alkali land

年份 Year	播种方式 Seeding pattern	截获率/% Interception rate	截获量/(MJ/m²) Interception amount	透射率/% Transmissivity	光能利用率/% Radiation use efficiency
2022—2023	全幅匀播	94.99±0.04Aa	8.62±0.00Aa	1.26±0.03Bb	0.78±0.02Aa
	常规条播	91.25±0.14Bb	8.28±0.01Bb	4.91±0.04Aa	0.53±0.00Bb
2023—2024	全幅匀播	95.18±0.07Aa	8.50±0.01Aa	1.07±0.07Bb	0.72±0.01Aa
	常规条播	91.42±0.20Bb	8.16±0.02Bb	4.35±0.07Aa	0.50±0.00Bb
显著性(P值)Significance(P-value)
播种方式Seeding pattern(P)		<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001
年份Year(Y)		0.174	<0.001	<0.001	0.004
播种方式×年份P×Y		0.955	0.851	0.016	0.359

图3 不同播种方式对盐碱地冬小麦开花期叶面积指数和茎蘖数的影响柱上不同小写字母和大写字母分别表示相同年份不同处理间差异达到显著(P<0.05)和极显著(P<0.01)水平。

Fig.3 Effects of different seeding patterns on leaf area index and stem & tiller number of winter wheat at anthesis stage in saline-alkali land Different lowercase and uppercase letters on the columns indicate that the differences among treatments in the same year reached significant(P<0.05)and highly significant(P<0.01)levels,respectively.

图4 冬小麦群体结构优化下干物质动态与光能截获等因素协同提升产量及光能利用的互作机制 X1.开花期干物质积累量;X2.成熟期干物质积累量;X3.花前干物质转运量;X4.花后干物质同化量;X5.叶面积指数;X6.茎蘖数;X7.光合有效辐射截获量;X8.透射率;X9.光能利用率;X10.穗数;X11.穗粒数;X12.千粒质量;X13.产量;^**.P≤0.01。

Fig.4 The interaction mechanism of yield and light energy utilization improvement through the synergistic effects of dry matter dynamics and light interception under optimized winter wheat population structure X1.Dry matter accumulation at anthesis;X2.Dry matter accumulation at maturity;X3.Dry matter transport before anthesis;X4.Dry matter assimilation after anthesis;X5.Leaf area index;X6.Stem tiller number;X7.Canopy photosynthetically active radiation interception amount;X8.Transmissivity;X9.Radiation use efficiency;X10.Spike number;X11.Grain number per spike;X12.1000-grain weight;X13.Grain yield;^**.P≤0.01.

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