水旱条件下小麦分蘖相关性状全基因组关联分析

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195086

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

小麦分蘖相关性状是小麦株型的重要特征,是决定植株结构并影响籽粒产量的重要因素。为了解小麦在不同水分条件下分蘖相关性状的遗传及其抗旱作用,并挖掘分蘖相关性状的位点,以240份小麦品种(系)为研究对象,通过对正常灌溉(NI)和干旱胁迫(DS)2种处理条件下的分蘖角度、有效分蘖数和单位面积产量的表型鉴定及抗旱性综合评价,结合90K基因芯片,进行相关性状的全基因组关联分析(GWAS),以期发现分蘖相关性状遗传位点并筛选优异种质材料。分蘖角度、有效分蘖数及单位面积产量在2种水分处理下表现出显著差异,变异系数为0.07~0.33。依据D值进行综合抗旱性评价,结果表明,中优206抗旱性表现最好。共检测到54个与分蘖角度等性状显著相关的稳定遗传位点,分布于除3D、4D和5D以外染色体上;在2种处理下共同检测到相同稳定位点有3个,分别在2B、4B和6B染色体上;另外,在不同性状中共同检测到4个“一因多效”位点,分别在2B、2D和5B染色体上。同时,对2B染色体分蘖角度显著相关的Ra_c491_902(R²=5.45%~17.91%)进行单倍型分析表明,存在TA-Hap1、TA-Hap2和TA-Hap3 3个单倍型,其中含有TA-Hap1单倍型品种(系)主要来源于黄淮冬麦区。对不同处理下检测到的稳定遗传位点进行候选基因筛选,共筛选出5个与分蘖角度相关的候选基因。对在Ra_c491_902上筛选出的基因进行基因注释得出,可能是编码细胞色素P450家族蛋白基因,可作为调控分蘖角度、植株抗旱以及防御等重要基因,探究基因与表型之间的关联,为小麦分蘖角度遗传机制奠定基础。

关键词: 小麦, 分蘖性状, 干旱胁迫, 全基因组关联分析, 单倍型, 候选基因

Abstract:

Tiller-related traits are important characteristics of wheat plant type,which determine plant structure and affect grain yield.In order to understand the inheritance and drought resistance of tiller-related traits in wheat under different water conditions,and to excavate the loci related to tiller-related traits,240 wheat varieties (lines) were selected as the subjects of this study,based on the phenotypic identification of tiller angle,effective tiller number and yield per unit area under normal irrigation (NI) and drought stress (DS) conditions,and the comprehensive evaluation of drought resistance,combined with 90K gene chip,genome-wide association study (GWAS) was to identify genetic loci for tiller-related traits and to screen for superior germplasm.The tiller angle,effective tiller number and yield per unit area showed significant difference,and the coefficient of variation ranged from 0.07 to 0.33.According to D-value,the drought resistance of Zhongyou 206 was the best.A total of 54 stable genetic loci significantly associated with tiller angle and other traits were detected, distributed on all chromosomes except 3D, 4D and 5D. Three identical stable loci were commonly detected under both treatments, located on chromosomes 2B, 4B, and 6B. Additionally, four pleiotropic loci were commonly detected in different traits, located on chromosomes 2B, 2D, and 5B.At the same time,the haplotype analysis of Ra_c491_902 (R²=5.45%—17.91%),which was significantly correlated with tiller angle on chromosome 2B,showed that there were three haplotypes:TA-Hap1,TA-Hap2 and TA-Hap3,the haplotypes (lines) containing TA-Hap1 were mainly derived from Huanghuai winter wheat regain.Five candidate genes related to tiller angle were screened by screening the stable genetic loci detected under different treatments.Gene annotation of the genes selected on Ra_c491_902 showed that the genes encoding cytochrome P450 family protein can be used as important genes such as regulating tillering angle,plant drought resistance and defense,to explore the association between genes and phenotype,and lay the foundation for the genetic improvement of tiller-related traits in wheat.

Key words: Wheat, Tiller trait, Drought stress, GWAS, Haplotype, Candidate gene

庞志远, 程宇坤, 郭小玲, 任毅, 耿洪伟. 水旱条件下小麦分蘖相关性状全基因组关联分析[J]. 华北农学报, 2024, 39(6): 64-75. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195086.

PANG Zhiyuan, CHENG Yukun, GUO Xiaoling, REN Yi, GENG Hongwei. Genome-wide Association Study of Tiller Related Traits in Wheat under Water and Drought Conditions[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(6): 64-75. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195086.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2024/V39/I6/64

图/表 9

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性状 Traits	处理 Treatment	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	平均值 Mean	标准差 s	变异系数 CV	偏度 Ske.	峰度 Kur.	遗传力 h²
分蘖角度/°	NI	8.41	36.27	18.64a	4.53	0.24a	0.58	0.79	0.63
TA	DS	8.38	29.77	15.78b	3.30	0.21b	0.33	1.13
BLUP	NI	9.90	33.70	18.64a	3.87	0.21a	0.58	0.79
	DS	10.18	26.38	15.78b	2.49	0.16b	0.34	1.14
有效分蘖数	NI	3.00	15.67	6.24a	1.90	0.31a	1.29	2.57	0.60
ETN	DS	2.33	14.33	6.09b	2.01	0.33b	1.08	1.59
BLUP	NI	4.04	11.43	6.24a	1.20	0.19a	1.25	2.45
	DS	3.37	12.96	6.09b	1.55	0.26b	1.17	2.08
单位面积产量/(kg/hm²)	NI	757.07	2 165.95	1 270.02a	218.72	0.17a	0.37	0.50	0.68
UAY	DS	624.31	1 519.78	1 044.79b	183.20	0.18b	0.24	-0.43
BLUP	NI	1 065.08	1 603.32	1 269.45a	84.50	0.07a	0.27	1.30
	DS	867.81	1 214.13	1 044.23b	75.24	0.07a	0.03	-0.58

性状 Traits	处理 Treatment	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	平均值 Mean	标准差 s	变异系数 CV	偏度 Ske.	峰度 Kur.	遗传力 h²
分蘖角度/°	NI	8.41	36.27	18.64a	4.53	0.24a	0.58	0.79	0.63
TA	DS	8.38	29.77	15.78b	3.30	0.21b	0.33	1.13
BLUP	NI	9.90	33.70	18.64a	3.87	0.21a	0.58	0.79
	DS	10.18	26.38	15.78b	2.49	0.16b	0.34	1.14
有效分蘖数	NI	3.00	15.67	6.24a	1.90	0.31a	1.29	2.57	0.60
ETN	DS	2.33	14.33	6.09b	2.01	0.33b	1.08	1.59
BLUP	NI	4.04	11.43	6.24a	1.20	0.19a	1.25	2.45
	DS	3.37	12.96	6.09b	1.55	0.26b	1.17	2.08
单位面积产量/(kg/hm²)	NI	757.07	2 165.95	1 270.02a	218.72	0.17a	0.37	0.50	0.68
UAY	DS	624.31	1 519.78	1 044.79b	183.20	0.18b	0.24	-0.43
BLUP	NI	1 065.08	1 603.32	1 269.45a	84.50	0.07a	0.27	1.30
	DS	867.81	1 214.13	1 044.23b	75.24	0.07a	0.03	-0.58

材料名称 Material name	综合抗旱系数 Comprehensive DRC	隶属函数值 Subordinative function value			D值 D-value	分蘖角度/° TA
材料名称 Material name	综合抗旱系数 Comprehensive DRC	分蘖角度 TA	有效分蘖数 ETN	单位面积产量 UAY	D值 D-value	分蘖角度/° TA
中优206 Zhongyou 206	0.87	0.76	0.69	0.65	0.70	13.79
汶农5号 Wennong 5	0.87	0.59	0.76	0.60	0.66	24.04
衡观33号 Hengguan 33	0.80	0.64	0.75	0.57	0.66	12.25
晋麦61号 Jinmai 61	0.64	0.72	0.66	0.60	0.66	17.78
内乡188 Neixiang 188	0.84	0.68	0.73	0.51	0.64	23.50
农大212 Nongda 212	0.66	0.65	0.68	0.58	0.64	22.16
周麦18 Zhoumai 18	0.96	0.60	0.69	0.62	0.64	12.35
豫麦49 Yumai 49	0.77	0.61	0.76	0.52	0.64	18.76
兰考24 Lankao 24	0.92	0.60	0.66	0.65	0.64	11.91
西农1376 Xinong 1376	0.93	0.75	0.57	0.61	0.63	13.80
平均 Average		0.54	0.57	0.52		17.04
权重 Weight		0.28	0.39	0.33

材料名称 Material name	综合抗旱系数 Comprehensive DRC	隶属函数值 Subordinative function value			D值 D-value	分蘖角度/° TA
材料名称 Material name	综合抗旱系数 Comprehensive DRC	分蘖角度 TA	有效分蘖数 ETN	单位面积产量 UAY	D值 D-value	分蘖角度/° TA
中优206 Zhongyou 206	0.87	0.76	0.69	0.65	0.70	13.79
汶农5号 Wennong 5	0.87	0.59	0.76	0.60	0.66	24.04
衡观33号 Hengguan 33	0.80	0.64	0.75	0.57	0.66	12.25
晋麦61号 Jinmai 61	0.64	0.72	0.66	0.60	0.66	17.78
内乡188 Neixiang 188	0.84	0.68	0.73	0.51	0.64	23.50
农大212 Nongda 212	0.66	0.65	0.68	0.58	0.64	22.16
周麦18 Zhoumai 18	0.96	0.60	0.69	0.62	0.64	12.35
豫麦49 Yumai 49	0.77	0.61	0.76	0.52	0.64	18.76
兰考24 Lankao 24	0.92	0.60	0.66	0.65	0.64	11.91
西农1376 Xinong 1376	0.93	0.75	0.57	0.61	0.63	13.80
平均 Average		0.54	0.57	0.52		17.04
权重 Weight		0.28	0.39	0.33

染色体 Chromosome	标记名称 Marker name	处理 Treatment	性状 Trait	位置/Mb Position	P值 P-value	贡献率/% R²
2B	Ra_c491_902	NI/DS/BLUP	TA、ETN	3.77~9.73	8.28E^-05	5.45~17.91
2B	wsnp_CAP11_c1820_985143	NI/DS/BLUP	ETN、UAY	782.53	8.47E^-04	6.40~7.63
2D	BobWhite_c13924_707	NI/DS/BLUP	ETN、UAY	607.42	8.14E^-04	6.21~7.67
4B	Kukri_rep_c106598_51	NI/DS/BLUP	TA	11.91~17.04	6.66E^-06	4.87~10.74
5B	Kukri_c40046_237	NI/DS/BLUP	ETN、UAY	461.29	9.29E^-04	6.29~9.26
6B	Tdurum_contig28405_288	NI/DS/BLUP	ETN	115.70~121.81	6.45E^-04	5.01~11.75

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