微咸水灌溉对冬小麦田温室气体排放和土壤微生物群落的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194825

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探究不同矿化度微咸水灌溉对冬小麦田土壤CO₂、N₂O、CH₄等温室气体排放和土壤微生物群落的影响,于2023年3-6月在中国科学院南皮生态农业试验站进行了3种(1,3,5 g/L,W1、W3和W5)矿化度微咸水灌溉冬小麦的大田试验。结果表明,从冬小麦返青期至收获期间,CO₂排放呈现出前期高,中期低,后期又上升的趋势;N₂O排放表现为前期高后期低的变化趋势;CH₄则在正与负排放之间波动。与W1处理相比,W3处理土壤CO₂和N₂O平均排放速率显著较低,CO₂和N₂O平均排放速率分别降低39.4%,68.9%。W5土壤CO₂和N₂O平均排放速率降低21.9%,40.0%,但统计学意义上无显著差异。不同浓度微咸水灌溉,对于土壤微生物α多样性影响较小,但显著改变了其群落结构。聚类分析表明,W1和W5处理的微生物组成存在显著差异,而W3的聚类结果介于W1和W5之间。相关分析表明,CO₂排放速率与土壤TN含量呈显著正相关,N₂O排放速率与土壤TN、TOC、DOC以及MBC呈显著正相关,土壤NO₂和CH₄排放速率分别与S0134 terrestrial和Sphingomonas以及Subgroup 25的丰度呈显著正相关。RDA分析表明,影响Sphingomonas和Subgroup 25丰度的关键理化因子分别为pH值、NH₄⁺、EC和DOC。综上所述,使用3 g/L的微咸水灌溉,能够在不显著增加土壤含盐量的基础上,降低土壤呼吸速率,减少农田碳排放量,是北方缺水区微咸水灌溉冬小麦的适宜灌溉水阈值。

关键词: 冬小麦田, 温室气体, 咸水灌溉, 微生物群落, 微咸水矿化度

Abstract:

To investigate the impact of saline water irrigation on greenhouse gas emissions,including CO₂,N₂O,CH₄,and the soil microbial community in winter wheat fields,three types of saline water with different salinity levels(1,3,and 5 g/L,denoted as W1,W3,and W5)were employed.Field experiments were conducted at the Nanpi Eco-Agriculture Experimental Station of the Chinese Academy of Sciences from March to June 2023.The results indicated that CO₂ emissions had similar trends in the different saline water irrigation treatments during the wheat growing stages,which were high in the early stage,low in the middle stage,and high in the late stage.N₂O emissions exhibited a trend of high values in the early period and lower values in the later stages.While,CH₄ showed fluctuations between positive and negative emissions.Comparative analysis revealed that the average CO₂ and N₂O emission rates in W3 treatment were significantly lower than in W1,with reductions of 39.4% and 68.9%,respectively.The average CO₂ and N₂O emission rates in W5 treatment decreased by 21.9% and 40.0%,although the difference was not statistically significant.Saline water irrigation with different concentrations minimally affected soil microbial α-diversity but significantly altered community structure.Cluster analysis demonstrated a significant difference in microbial composition between W1 and W5,with W3 positioned between the two treatments.Correlation analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between CO₂ and N₂O emission rates and soil TN,while there was a significant positive correlation between N₂O emission rate and soil TN,TOC,DOC,MBC,respectively.Soil N₂O and CH₄ emission rates correlated positively with the abundance of S0134 terrestrial and Sphingomonas and Subgroup 25,respectively.Redundancy analysis(RDA)identified pH,NH₄⁺,EC,and DOC as key physicochemical factors influencing the abundance of Sphingomonas and Subgroup 25.In conclusion,irrigation with 3 g/L mildly saline water can reduce soil respiration rates and decrease agricultural carbon emissions without significantly increasing soil salinity,providing theoretical support for the development and utilization of mildly saline water resources in the North China Plain.

Key words: Winter wheat field, Greenhouse gases, Saline water irrigation, Microbial community, Saline water salinity

张文文, 董心亮, 董文旭, 王金涛, 张雪佳, 孙宏勇. 微咸水灌溉对冬小麦田温室气体排放和土壤微生物群落的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2024, 39(S1): 219-227. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194825.

ZHANG Wenwen, DONG Xinliang, DONG Wenxu, WANG Jintao, ZHANG Xuejia, SUN Hongyong. Effects of Saline Water Irrigation on Greenhouse Gas Emissions and Microbial Communities in Winter Wheat Fields[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(S1): 219-227. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194825.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2024/V39/IS1/219

图/表 15

图1 试验期间日降雨和气温

Fig.1 Daily rainfall and temperature during the experiment

表1 不同矿化度灌溉水性质

Tab.1 The characters of different saline irrigation water

灌溉水矿化度 /(g/L) Salinity of irrigation water	pH	EC / (dS/m)	总盐含量/% Total salt content
1	8.33	1.95	1.44
3	8.21	6.00	3.29
5	8.21	8.80	5.06

图2 不同矿化度微咸水灌溉下土壤CO₂排放速率的动态变化

Fig.2 Dynamic changes of soil CO₂ emission rate under different saline irrigation water

图3 不同矿化度微咸水灌溉下土壤CO₂平均排放速率不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著(P<0.05)。图5,7,8,9,10同。

Fig.3 The average emission rate of soil CO₂ emissions under different saline irrigation water Different letters indicate significant difference between treatments(P<0.05).The same as Fig.5,7,8,9,10.

图4 不同矿化度微咸水灌溉下土壤N₂O排放速率的动态变化

Fig.4 Dynamic changes of soil N₂O emission rate under different saline irrigation water

图5 不同矿化度微咸水灌溉下土壤N₂O平均排放速率

Fig.5 The average emission rate of soil N₂O emissions under different saline irrigation water

图6 不同矿化度微咸水灌溉下土壤CH₄排放速率的动态变化

Fig.6 Dynamic changes of soil CH₄emission rate under different saline irrigation water

图7 不同矿化度微咸水灌溉下土壤CH₄平均排放速率

Fig.7 The average emission rate of soil CH₄emissions under different saline irrigation water

图8 不同矿化度微咸水灌溉下土壤pH和EC的动态变化

Fig.8 Dynamic changes of soil pH and EC under different saline irrigation water

图9 不同矿化度微咸水灌溉下土壤TN、NH₄⁺、NO₃^-、TOC、DOC和MBC的动态变化

Fig.9 Dynamic changes of soil TN,NH₄⁺,NO₃^-,TOC,DOC and MBC under different saline irrigation water

图10 不同矿化度微咸水灌溉下土壤微生物α多样性、土壤微生物属水平聚类和组成分析

Fig.10 Soil microorganism α diversity of soil microbial genera under different saline irrigation water

图11 不同矿化度微咸水灌溉下土壤微生物属水平聚类和组成分析

Fig.11 Horizontal clustering and composition analysis of soil microbial genera under different saline irrigation water

图12 土壤温室气体排放速率与土壤理化性质之间的相关性

Fig.12 Correlation analysis between soil greenhouse gas emission rate and physicochemical properties

图13 土壤温室气体排放速率与土壤丰度前15的属水平微生物丰度的相关性

Fig.13 The correlation between soil greenhouse gas emission rate and the abundance of top 15 genus level microorganisms in soil abundance

图14 土壤微生物群落与理化因子的RDA分析

Fig.14 RDA analysis of soil microbial community and physicochemical factors

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