摘要：

为了研究播种方式和微咸水灌溉对水稻生长、产量和品质的影响。于2019-2020年以盐丰47为试验材料,采用裂区试验设计,以灌溉方式为主区,播种方式为副区进行相关研究。其中,灌溉方式包括淡水灌溉(F)和微咸水灌溉(B)2种方式,播种方式包括旱直播(D)、水直播(W)和移栽(T)3种方式。研究发现,水直播有利于提高水稻高度,旱直播有利于促进水稻单株叶面积和干物质量的积累,并且微咸水灌溉明显降低了上述农艺性状。在淡水灌溉条件下,移栽方式下的水稻产量在2019,2020年分别比旱直播高749.93,713.58 kg/hm²,尽管其产量也比湿直播高,但两者间差异不显著。在微咸水灌溉条件下,水直播的产量要高于移栽,但产量差异也不显著。研究显示,微咸水灌溉通过降低产量构成因素造成了水稻产量的降低。水直播的加工品质、外观品质和蛋白质含量都明显高于移栽。但微咸水灌溉促使加工品质、外观品质和口感的降低。因此,微咸水灌溉和直播方式的配合使用显著降低了水稻的产量和品质,在今后的研究中应加强对适合水直播的耐盐水稻品种的选育。

关键词: 水稻, 播种方式, 微咸水灌溉, 产量, 品质, 黄河三角洲

Abstract:

Direct seeding and brackish water irrigation represent an important way to alleviate the labor shortage and progressive water scarcity for rice production in the Yellow River Delta. However,the exact impact of these methods on the growth,yield and quality of rice is still unclear. The present study used a split-plot experimental design with irrigation as the main plot and cultivation methods as the subplot from 2019 to 2020. The experiment had two levels each of irrigation(F.Freshwater irrigation;B.Brackish water irrigation)and three seeding methods(D.Dry direct seeding;W.Wet direct seeding;T.Transplanting). The study identified wet direct seeding was conducive to enhance rice height,while dry direct seeding was beneficial for promoting leaf area per rice and dry matter per rice. And,the above agricultural traits were significantly reduced by brackish water irrigation. Brackish water irrigation decreased rice yield by reducing yield components. In 2019 and 2020,the rice yield of transplanting by freshwater irrigation was 749.93,713.58 kg/ha higher than dry direct seeding,although the yield was also higher than wet direct seeding,the difference was not significant. Furthermore,the yield of wet direct seeding was higher than transplanting under brackish water irrigation condition,the yield difference was also not significant. The processing quality,appearance quality and protein content by wet direct seeding were significantly higher than transplanting. And brackish water irrigation contributed to the reduction of processing quality,appearance quality and taste value. Brackish water irrigation combined with direct seeding significantly reduced the yield and quality of rice,lowering the taste value despite the elevated protein and amylose content. Thus,the selection and breeding of salt-tolerant rice varieties suitable for wet direct seeding should be enhanced in the future research.

Key words: Rice, Seeding method, Brackish water irrigation, Yield, Quality, Yellow river delta