基于代谢组学分析不同月龄对安格斯牛肉质风味差异的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194352

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

旨在基于代谢组学分析,探究不同月龄安格斯牛肉质风味差异的机制。以17,20,24月龄的安格斯牛为研究对象,在相同饲养管理条件下对不同月龄安格斯牛背最长肌进行肉质性状检测和代谢组学分析。代谢组结果表明,分别在B17 vs B20、B17 vs B24和B20 vs B24组中鉴定出69,51,53个正离子差异代谢物,53,46,58个负离子差异代谢物,其中上调差异代谢物166个,下调差异代谢物164个。KEGG通路分析表明,差异代谢物主要富集到脂质代谢、氨基酸代谢、碳水化合物代谢和内分泌系统等多个代谢途径,包括胰岛素抵抗、胆碱能突触、亚油酸代谢、磷酸戊糖途径、碳水化合物的消化与吸收、胰高血糖素信号传导以及花生四烯酸代谢通路。相关性分析表明,还原谷胱甘肽、甜菜碱、肉碱、胆碱、次黄嘌呤、棕榈油酸、柠檬酸和乳糖等关键代谢物与表型数据具有显著的相关性,可以作为安格斯牛肉质的潜在候选代谢物。结果表明,不同月龄安格斯牛肉质风味存在显著差异,鉴定到的差异代谢物和代谢通路可以为今后安格斯牛育种提供理论基础。

关键词: 安格斯牛, 差异代谢物, 代谢组学, 牛月龄, 牛肉品质

Abstract:

The aim of this study was to explore the mechanism of flavor difference of Angus beef at different months of age based on metabonomics analysis.Angus longissimus dorsi muscle of 17,20 and 24 months old was tested for meat quality traits and metabolomics analysis under the same feeding and management conditions.The metabolome results showed that 69,51 and 53 positive differential metabolites and 53,46 and 58 negative differential metabolites were identified in the B17 vs B20, B17 vs B24 and B20 vs B24 groups,respectively.The expression of 166 differential metabolites was up-regulated and 164 differential metabolites were down-regulated.KEGG enrichment analysis showed that differential metabolites were mainly enriched into multiple metabolic pathways such as lipid metabolism,amino acid metabolism,carbohydrate metabolism and endocrine system,including insulin resistance,cholinergic synapse,linoleic acid metabolism,phosphopentose pathway,carbohydrate digestion and absorption,glucagon signaling and arachidonic acid metabolic pathway.Correlation analysis showed that key metabolites such as proglutathione,betaine,carnitine,choline,hypoxanthine,palmitoleic acid,citric acid and lactose were significantly correlated with phenotypic data and could be used as potential candidate metabolites for Angus beef.Our results indicate that there are significant differences in the quality and flavor of Angus beef at different months of age,and the identified differences in metabolites and metabolic pathways can provide a theoretical basis for future Angus cattle breeding.

Key words: Angus, Differential metabolite, Metabonomics, Monthly age of cattle, Beef quality

李亚博, 蒋秋斐, 陈亚飞, 李德生, 赵薇, 佟丽佳, 顾亚玲, 张娟. 基于代谢组学分析不同月龄对安格斯牛肉质风味差异的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2024, 39(S1): 289-297. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194352.

LI Yabo, JIANG Qiufei, CHEN Yafei, LI Desheng, ZHAO Wei, TONG Lijia, GU Yaling, ZHANG Juan. Metabolomics-based Analysis of the Effects of Different Months of Age on Quality and Flavor of Angus Beef[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(S1): 289-297. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194352.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2024/V39/IS1/289

图/表 8

表1 不同月龄安格斯牛屠宰性能及肉品质指标

Tab.1 The slaughter performance and meat quality in beef of Angus of different month ages

月龄 Month ages	剪切力/N Shear stress	失水率/% Loss of water rate	熟肉率/% Cooking percentage	屠宰率/% Dressing percentage
17	52.81±3.14a	4.53±0.03b	69.25±2.31a	56.05±0.011a
20	44.03±4.12b	2.10±0.09b	64.82±2.83a	55.43±0.014a
24	40.09±6.67c	6.82±0.76a	62.34±2.31a	50.94±0.011b

表2 不同月龄安格斯牛肉的氨基酸组成及含量

Tab.2 Composition and contents of amino acids of Angus cattle beef at different ages

氨基酸组成 Composition of amino acid	氨基酸含量Content of amino acid
氨基酸组成 Composition of amino acid	17月龄 17 months old	20月龄 20 months old	24月龄 24 months old
天冬氨酸#/%Asp	1.76±0.05a	1.24±0.05a	1.64±0.05a
苏氨酸*/% Thr	0.88±0.03a	0.61±0.02a	0.81±0.03a
丝氨酸/% Ser	0.71±0.02a	0.50±0.02a	0.70±0.03a
谷氨酸#/% Glu	3.04±0.02a	2.19±0.01a	2.89±0.02a
甘氨酸#/% Gly	0.80±0.01a	0.60±0.01a	0.80±0.01a
丙氨酸#/% Ala	1.10±0.03a	0.79±0.02a	1.07±0.04a
胱氨酸/% Cys	0.02±0.01a	0.03±0.01a	0.07±0.02a
缬氨酸*/% Val	0.90±0.04a	0.66±0.02a	0.93±0.02a
蛋氨酸*/% Met	0.44±0.03a	0.38±0.02a	0.51±0.03a
异亮氨酸*/% Ile	0.92±0.05a	0.66±0.02a	0.89±0.03a
亮氨酸*/% Leu	1.70±0.04a	1.12±0.02a	1.45±0.02a
酪氨酸#/% Tyr	0.80±0.02a	0.51±0.02a	0.63±0.03a
苯丙氨酸*/% #Phe	0.88±0.06a	0.57±0.05a	0.84±0.02a
赖氨酸*/% Lys	1.77±0.03a	1.23±0.05a	1.64±0.04a
组氨酸*/% His	0.75±0.03a	0.54±0.02a	0.68±0.02a
精氨酸/% Arg	1.33±0.04a	0.83±0.02a	1.12±0.06a
脯氨酸/% Pro	0.69±0.01a	0.60±0.02a	0.71±0.03a
必需氨基酸/% EAA	8.24±0.42a	5.77±0.52a	7.75±0.42a
非必需氨基酸/% NEAA	10.25±0.57a	7.29±0.70a	9.61±0.57a
氨基酸总量/% TAA	18.49±0.99a	13.06±1.22a	17.39±0.99a
EAA/TAA	44.56	44.11	44.64

表3 不同月龄安格斯牛肉的脂肪酸组成及含量的比较

Tab.3 Fatty acid composition in beef of Angus of different month ages

项目 Item	脂肪酸含量Content of fatty acid
项目 Item	17月龄 17 months old	20月龄 20 months old	24月龄 24 months old
饱和脂肪酸含量/(g/kg) SFA	7.20±1.10a	4.80±1.30a	4.40±1.10a
不饱和脂肪酸含量/(g/kg) UFA	11.90±2.10a	6.40±2.50a	4.70±2.10b
单不饱和脂肪酸含量/(g/kg) MUFA	0.13±0.03a	0.60±0.04a	0.30±0.03b
多不饱和脂肪酸含量/(g/kg) PUFA	10.60±1.70a	5.80±2.10a	4.40±1.70b
PUFA/SFA	1.47±0.11a	1.22±0.14a	1.04±0.11b
ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸含量/(g/kg) ω-3PUFA	0.29±0.08a	0.28±0.01a	-
ω-6多不饱和脂肪酸含量/(g/kg) ω-6PUFA	1.40±0.17a	0.93±0.21a	0.94±0.17a
ω-6/ω-3	4.83	3.32	-

图1 PCA结果 A.正离子模式;B.负离子模式。

Fig.1 PCA results A.Positive ion mode;B.Negative ion mode.

图2 OPLS-DA模型得分和模型验证

Fig.2 OPLS-DA model score and model validation

图3 差异代谢物火山图

Fig.3 Differential metabolites volcano map

图4 KEGG富集 A:1.谷胱甘肽代谢,2.代谢途径,3.癌症中的中心碳代谢,4.鸟氨酸、赖氨酸和烟酸生物碱生物合成,5.咖啡因代谢,6.胆碱能突触,7.长期抑郁,8.胰岛素分泌,9.胰岛素抵抗,10.碳代谢,11.β-丙氨酸代谢,12.ABC 转运体,13.精氨酸和脯氨酸代谢,14.胆汁分泌,15.苯丙酮类化合物生物合成,16.次级代谢产物生物合成,17.苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸生物合成,18.植物次生代谢物生物合成,19.新霉素、卡那霉素和庆大霉素的生物合成,20.血管平滑肌收缩;B:1.胆汁分泌,2.萜类和类固醇生物合成,3.胆碱能突触,4.胰岛素分泌,5.胰岛素抵抗,6.亚油酸代谢,7.磷酸戊糖途径,8.碳代谢,9.癌症中枢碳代谢,10.血管平滑肌收缩,11.碳水化合物消化吸收,12.血清素能突触,13.胰高血糖素信号传导通路,14.花生四烯酸代谢,15.甘氨酸、丝氨酸和苏氨酸代谢,16.淀粉和蔗糖代谢,17.卵巢类固醇生成,18.甲状腺激素合成,19.组氨酸代谢,20.植物激素生物合成;C:1.beta-Alanine 代谢,2.萜类和类固醇生物合成,3.植物激素生物合成,4.苯丙酮类化合物生物合成,5.癌症中枢碳代谢,6.糖酵解/糖元生成,7.胰岛素分泌,8.花生四烯酸代谢,9.鸟氨酸、赖氨酸和烟酸生物碱生物合成,10.亚油酸代谢,11.植物次生代谢产物生物合成,12.磷酸戊糖途径,13.苯丙氨酸、酪氨酸和色氨酸生物合成,14.组氨酸代谢,15.血管平滑肌收缩,16.碳水化合物消化吸收,17.莽草酸途径产生的生物碱生物合成,18.碳代谢,19.谷胱甘肽代谢,20.血清素能突触。

Fig.4 KEGG enrichment A:1.Glutathione metabolism,2.Metabolic pathways,3.Central carbon metabolism in cancer,4.Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from ornithine,lysine and nicotinic acid,5.Caffeine metabolism,6.Cholinergic synapse,7.Long-term depression,8.Insulin secretion,9.Insulin resistance,10.Carbon metabolism,11.beta-Alanine metabolism,12.ABC transporters,13.Arginine and proline metabolism,14.Bile secretion,15.Biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids,16.Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,17.Phenylalanine,tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis,18.Biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites,19.Neomycin,kanamycin and gentamicin biosynthesis,20.Vascular smooth muscle contraction;B:1.Bile secretion,2.Biosynthesis of terpenoids and steroids,3.Cholinergic synapse,4.Insulin secretion,5.Insulin resistance,6.Linoleic acid metabolism,7.Pentose phosphate pathway,8.Carbon metabolism,9.Central carbon metabolism in cancer,10.Vascular smooth muscle contraction,11.Carbohydrate digestion and absorption,12.Serotonergic synapse,13.Glucagon signaling pathway,14.Arachidonic acid metabolism,15.Glycine,serine and threonine metabolism,16.Starch and sucrose metabolism,17.Ovarian steroidogenesis,18.Thyroid hormone synthesis,19.Histidine metabolism,20.Biosynthesis of plant hormones;C:1.beta-Alanine metabolism,2.Biosynthesis of terpenoids and steroids,3.Biosynthesis of plant hormones,4.Biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids,5.Central carbon metabolism in cancer,6.Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis,7.Insulin secretion,8.Arachidonic acid metabolism,9.Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from ornithine,lysine and nicotinic acid,10.Linoleic acid metabolism,11.Biosynthesis of plant secondary metabolites,12.Pentose phosphate pathway,13.Phenylalanine,tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis,14.Histidine metabolism,15.Vascular smooth muscle contraction,16.Carbohydrate digestion and absorption,17.Biosynthesis of alkaloids derived from shikimate pathway,18.Carbon metabolism,19.Glutathione metabolism,20.Serotonergic synapse.

图5 肉质参数与非靶向代谢组分析之间的相关性热图 1.还原谷胱甘肽;2.甜菜碱;3.哌啶酸;4.肉碱;5.胆碱;6.次黄嘌呤;7.棕榈油酸;8.柠檬酸;9.花生四烯酸;10.磷酸烯醇丙酮酸;11.二十碳五烯酸;12.乳糖;13.D-果糖-6-磷酸;14.D-葡萄糖-6-磷酸;图中每一行代表一个差异代谢物,每一列代表一个肉质参数,红色和蓝色分别表示正相关和负相关,颜色深度表示相关强度。^*.P<0.05,^**.P<0.01。

Fig.5 The correlation heat maps between meat quality parameters and untargeted metabolomic analyses 1.Reduced glutathione;2.Betaine;3.Pipecolic acid;4.Carnosine;5.Choline;6.Hypoxanthine;7.Palmitoleic acid;8.Citric acid;9.Arachidonic acid;10.Phosphoenolpyruvic acid;11.Eicosapentaenoic acid;12.Lactose;13.D-Fructose 6-phosphate;14.D-Glucose 6-phosphate.Each row in the figure represents one differential metabolite,and each column represents a meat quality parameter.The color red and blue represent positive and negative correlation,respectively,and the depth of the color indicates the correlation strength.^*.P<0.05,^**.P<0.01.

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