摘要：

为筛选适宜新疆奇台县种植的酿酒高粱品种,同时为新疆地区高粱新品种的选育及推广提供参考依据,2020-2022年对省外引入的20个高粱新品种进行了生育期、农艺性状及产量进行比较,同时分别对籽粒淀粉、赖氨酸、单宁、可溶性总糖、粗蛋白、粗灰分、粗纤维等营养品质进行了鉴定,分析了各品种的丰产性和稳产性。结果表明,不同高粱品种的生育期、农艺性状、产量和营养成分不一致,品种及种植年限之间有差异。20个品种的平均生育期为84~146 d,株高为68.44~250.46 cm,其中属于极早熟特矮品种有龙杂18和龙杂20等2个品种,株高150 cm以下适合于机械化栽培的矮秆品种有凤杂4、辽糯11、吉杂124、吉杂127、辽杂37、辽粘3、冀酿3号、晋杂34、晋糯3、通杂108、锦杂109、赤杂106、金糯粮5等13个品种。晚熟高秆品种只有红缨子1个品种。平均产量为4 364.32~13 779.84 kg/hm²,锦杂109产量最高,沈杂5产量最低。籽粒品质在各品种之间存在差异,其中辽杂10号淀粉含量高达759.93 g/kg,而晋杂34单宁含量最低1.80 g/kg。综上,考虑生育期、农艺性状、产量及品质等特性,参试品种锦杂109属于矮杆、中熟品种产量为最高、稳产性最好、综合表现为最佳,可作为适合机械化栽培的首选品种在奇台地区进行推广种植。

关键词: 高粱, 农艺性状, 产量, 营养品质

Abstract:

To select the suitable sorghum varieties for brewing in Qitai County,and provide reference for breeding and generalization of the new sorghum varieties in Xinjiang,20 new sorghum varieties were introduced from other provinces and their growth periods,agronomic traits and yields were compared to identify the highest and stable yield of each variety in 2020-2022.And the nutritional qualities such as grain starch,lysine,tannin,soluble total sugar,crude protein,crude ash and crude fiber were measured.The results showed that the growth period,agronomic traits,yields and nutritional composition were different between varieties and planting years.The average growth periods of 20 varieties were 84-146 days and plant heights ranged from 68.44 to 250.46 cm.The two species,Longza 18 and Longza 20,belonged to extremely early maturing and short varieties.The 13 short stem varieties with plant heights of less than 150 cm were identified as suitable for mechanized cultivation,such as Fengza 4,Liaonuo 11,Jiza 124,Jiza 127,Liaoza 37,Liaonian 3,Jiniang 3,Jinza 34,Jinnuo 3,Tongza 108,Jinza 109,Chiza 106 and Jinnuoliang 5.Hongyingzi was the only late-maturing high-stem variety.The yield ranged at 4 364.32-13 779.84 kg/ha,Jinza 109 had the highest yield while Shenza 5 had the lowest yield.There were differences in grain quality among different varieties;Liaoza 10 had the highest starch content of 759.93 g/kg while Jinza 34 had the lowest tannin content of 1.81 g/kg.In summary,based on the characteristics of growth period,agronomic traits,yield and quality,the tested short-stem and mid-mature variety Jinza 109 showed the highest yield,best stability and best comprehensive performance,which can be planted and popularized as the preferred variety suitable for mechanized cultivation in the Qitai area.

Key words: Sorghum, Agronomic trait, Yield, Nutrient