缓释肥替代普通水溶肥对红掌品质的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194384

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为改善盆栽红掌生产过程中的养分利用率、提高红掌品质和经济效益,探究了缓释肥替代水溶肥对红掌品质和养分利用的影响,以期优化红掌的生产栽培措施。以盆栽红掌特伦萨、骄阳2个品种为试验材料。设置3个施肥处理:清水对照(CK)、普通水溶肥(T)和缓释肥(AL),通过测定其株高、冠幅、最大叶片长、最大叶片宽、叶片数量、叶柄直径等生长指标发现:缓释肥处理组(AL)的盆栽红掌各项指标均明显优于对照组(CK)和普通水溶肥组(T)。进一步测定了叶绿素含量、干物质积累以及植株氮磷钾积累量,结果表明:相比普通水溶肥组(T),缓释肥组(AL)在2个品种中叶绿素总量分别增加1.9%(骄阳)和60.3%(特伦萨);植株干物质量分别增加3.9%(骄阳)和35.4%(特伦萨);氮素分别增加13.6%(骄阳)和32.1%(特伦萨);同时植株整体状态和商品性更佳。因此,缓释肥替代普通水溶肥能够通过提高植株叶绿素含量进而增加植株的养分利用率,提高红掌品质,同时减少资源浪费和环境污染,在未来红掌盆花生产中具有良好的前景。

关键词: 红掌, 缓释肥, 水溶肥, 养分利用, 品质

Abstract:

In order to improve the nutrient utilization rate,enhance the quality and economic benefits of Anthurium andraeanum.It explored the effect of slow-release fertilizer replacing water-soluble fertilizer on the quality and nutrient utilization of Anthurium andraeanum,with the aim of optimizing the production and cultivation measures of Anthurium andraeanum.This experiment used two varieties of Anthurium andraeanum,Turenza and Sierra,as test materials.Three fertilization treatments were set up:a control group(CK)with clear water,a common water-soluble fertilizer group(T),and a slow-release fertilizer group(AL).Through measuring the growth indicators such as plant height,crown width,maximum leaf length,maximum leaf width,leaf number,petiole diameter,it was found that the slow-release fertilizer treatment group(AL)had significantly better indicators than the control group(CK)and the common water-soluble fertilizer group(T).Furthermore,the chlorophyll content,dry matter accumulation,and nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium accumulation in the plants were determined.The results showed that compared with the common water-soluble fertilizer group(T),the slow-release fertilizer group(AL)increased the total chlorophyll content by 1.9% in Sierra and 60.3% in Turenza;the dry matter accumulation in plants increased by 3.9% in Sierra and 35.4% in Turenza;the total nitrogen increased by 13.6% in Sierra and 32.1% in Turenza;meanwhile,the overall plant state and commercial value were better.Therefore,replacing common water-soluble fertilizer with slow-release fertilizer can increase the nutrient utilization rate of plants by increasing their chlorophyll content,improve the quality of Anthurium andreanum,reduce resource waste and environmental pollution,and has good prospects for future production of Anthurium andreanum potted flowers.

Key words: Anthurium andraeanum, Slow release fertilizer, Water-soluble fertilizer, Nutrient utilization, Quality

汪洋, 刘和彤, 温超, 吕晓惠, 曹桂芹, 董飞, 朱娇, 齐宇, 王烨楠, 王成鹏. 缓释肥替代普通水溶肥对红掌品质的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2024, 39(S1): 212-218. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194384.

WANG Yang, LIU Hetong, WEN Chao, LÜ Xiaohui, CAO Guiqin, DONG Fei, ZHU Jiao, QI Yu, WANG Yenan, WANG Chengpeng. Effects of Slow-release Fertilizer Replacing Ordinary Water-soluble Fertilizer on the Quality of Anthurium andraeanum[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(S1): 212-218. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194384.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2024/V39/IS1/212

图/表 5

表1 试验各处理施肥

Tab.1 Fertilization of each treatment

品种 Varieties	处理 Treatments	施肥量 Fertilization amount	施肥次数 Fertilization times	施肥总量/( g/盆) Total amount of fertilization
骄阳Sierra	CK1	0 g	0	0.0
	T1	1 g/L(A肥0.5 g/L:B肥0.5 g/L)	12	4.2
	AL1	4 g/L	1	1.4
特伦萨Turenza	CK2	0 g	0	0.0
	T2	1 g/L(A肥0.5 g/L:B肥0.5 g/L)	12	4.2
	AL2	4 g/L	1	1.4

图1 不同处理对盆栽红掌生长指标的影响不同字母表示处理间差异显著(P < 0.05),图2-4同。

Fig.1 Effects of different treatments on growth indexes Different letters indicate significant differences between treatments (P < 0.05),the same as Fig.2-4.

图2 不同处理对盆栽红掌叶绿素含量的影响

Fig.2 Effects of different treatments on chlorophyll content

图3 不同处理对盆栽红掌干物质积累的影响

Fig.3 Effects of different treatments on dry matter accumulation

图4 不同处理对盆栽红掌氮磷钾积累的影响

Fig.4 Effects of different treatments on the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium

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