改性生物炭作用滨海盐碱地的土壤微生物机理

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194681

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为提高生物炭在盐碱地的适用性,研究改性生物炭对盐碱地的作用效果及微生态机理。通过2 a的大田试验,设置普通生物炭、富氮改性生物炭、富磷改性生物炭3种处理,3种生物炭用量分别为4.5,7.5,15.0 t/hm²,研究作物产量性状、土壤理化性质、土壤微生物多样性的响应情况。结果发现,添加生物炭可以改良土壤盐碱地,其中富氮改性生物炭和富磷改性生物炭效果更突出。生物炭可以提高盐碱地作物产量,降低土壤含盐量,改善土壤结构,降低土壤容重。3种生物炭影响并不一致,其中15.0 t/hm²磷改性生物炭对作物增产效果最好,其产量为(8.92±0.12)t/hm²,比对照组提高了110%。生物炭影响土壤微生物多样性,普通生物炭增加了土壤微生物多样性,但磷改性生物炭降低土壤微生物多样性。随着生物炭施用量的增加,土壤理化性质对土壤微生物和植物结构关系受到影响,三者之间的联系被削弱。综上,推荐施用15 t/hm²磷改性生物炭用于改善盐碱农田生态系统。

关键词: 土壤微生物多样性, 生物炭, 盐碱地, 作物产量

Abstract:

To improve the applicability of biochar in saline-alkali agroecosystem,the effect and microbial mechanism of modified biochar were studied.In a 2-year field experiment,common biochar(4.5 t/ha),nitrogen-rich modified biochar(7.5 t/ha)and phosphorus-rich modified biochar(15.0 t/ha)were added to investigate their impact on crop grain yield,soil physicochemical properties and soil microbial diversity.It had been observed that the addition of biochar enhanced the quality of saline-alkali soil,with nitrogen-rich modified biochar and phosphorus-rich modified biochar demonstrating more notable effects.Biochar could boost crop yield,improve soil structure and reduce soil bulk density in saline-alkali land.The effects of the three biochar types were not consistent.Among them,the application of 15.0 t/ha phosphorus-rich modified biochar showed favorable responses,with grain yield of(8.92±0.12)t/ha,representing a 110% increase compared to the control group.Biochar affected soil microbial diversity.Common biochar increased soil microbial diversity,whereas phosphorus-rich modified biochar decreased it.With the continuous addition of biochar,soil physical and chemical properties could affect the relationship between soil microorganisms and plant structure,weakening their relationships.In this study,the application of 15.0 t/ha phosphorus-rich modified biochar was recommended to improve saline-alkali agroecosystem.

Key words: Soil microbial diversity, Biochar, Saline land, Crops yield

张慧, 赵杰, 李梦琦, 程文娟, 陈坤, 李丽, 肖辉. 改性生物炭作用滨海盐碱地的土壤微生物机理[J]. 华北农学报, 2024, 39(3): 159-165. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194681.

ZHANG Hui, ZHAO Jie, LI Mengqi, CHENG Wenjuan, CHEN Kun, LI Li, XIAO Hui. Soil Microbial Mechanism of Modified Biochar in Coastal Saline-alkali Agroecosystem[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(3): 159-165. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194681.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2024/V39/I3/159

图/表 7

表1 玉米秸秆的理化性质

Tab.1 Physiochemical properties of corn stalks

有机质/% SOM	比表面积/(m²/g) Specific surface area	灰分含量/% Ash content	元素组成/% Element composition
有机质/% SOM	比表面积/(m²/g) Specific surface area	灰分含量/% Ash content	C	H	N	O
86.41	3.75	12.14	43.64	7.12	0.74	36.72

表2 生物炭灰分含量、pH、元素组成和比表面积

Tab.2 Ash content,pH,elemental composition and specific surface area of biochar

生物炭类型 Biochar type	元素组成/% Element composition				灰分含量/% Ash content	比表面积/(m²/g) Specific surface area	pH
生物炭类型 Biochar type	C	H	N	O	灰分含量/% Ash content	比表面积/(m²/g) Specific surface area	pH
普通生物炭 Common biochar	61.87	4.25	1.56	18.95	14.56±0.11	6.33	7.88±0.05
氮改性生物炭 Nitrogen-rich modified biochar	45.50	3.65	3.28	22.09	26.11±1.04	7.90	7.70±0.01
磷改性生物炭 Phosphorus-rich modified biochar	48.39	3.84	1.34	21.18	15.37±0.11	9.06	7.51±0.01

图1 生物炭对作物产量的影响不同字母表示差异达0.05的显著水平(平均值±标准差)。图2—4同。

Fig.1 Effects of biochar on crop yield Different letters indicate a significant difference at 0.05 significance level(mean±standard deviation).The same as Fig.2—4.

图2 生物炭对土壤理化性质的影响

Fig.2 Effects of biochar on soil physiochemical properties

图3 生物炭对土壤容重、pH、含盐量的影响

Fig.3 Effects of biochar on soil bulk density,pH and salt content

图4 生物炭对细菌、真菌的Chao、Shannon、Simpson指数影响

Fig.4 Effects of biochar on Chao,Shannon,Simpson index of bacteria and fungi

图5 2021年和2022年的土壤微生物、植物和环境因子Mantel相关性检验组合图

Fig.5 Mantel correlation tests for soil microorganisms,plants,and environmental factors in 2021 and 2022

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