生物炭对不同浇水条件下冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20190377

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探讨生物炭施用量在不同浇水条件下对冬小麦的增产效果，2015-2017年通过大田试验设置0（B0，CK），20（B20），40（B40），60（B60） t/hm²共4个生物炭施用量和不浇水（W0）、浇越冬水（W1）2个浇水处理，研究了生物炭施用量在不同浇水条件下对土壤含水量、土壤温度、土壤容重、冬小麦产量及构成因素以及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明，不浇水条件下，小麦产量及水分利用效率随生物炭施用量增加先增加后减少，当生物炭施用量为40 t/hm²时产量和水分利用效率均最高，比B0（CK）处理分别增加8.0%和8.2%；浇水条件下，小麦产量和水分利用效率随生物炭施用量增加而增加，B40和B60处理比B0（CK）分别增加7.4%，12.2%和8.0%，16.3%。不浇水条件下，当土壤含水量低于15%时，B60和B40处理下土壤水分含量低于其他处理；浇水条件下，施用生物炭可增加土壤水分含量，施用生物炭增加土壤贮水量、减少小麦生育期耗水量、降低土壤容重，浇水比不浇水增加容重降低幅度。不浇水条件下，生物炭明显提高返青期前土壤日平均温度，浇水使生物炭对土壤温度的作用相反。返青期后，不浇水条件下土壤日平均地温在各处理间差异不大，浇水条件下表现为日均地温较低时高，较高时低的现象。综合而言，适宜生物炭添加量可以增加旱区土壤水分含量，提高小麦产量和水分利用效率。

关键词: 生物炭, 土壤水分, 土壤温度, 冬小麦, 产量

Abstract: To explore effect of winter wheat yield response to biochar addition in different irrigation conditions,a field experiment with four rates of biochar application rates:0(B0,CK),20(B20),40(B40),60(B60)t/ha and two irrigation conditions:none water irrigation(W0),winter irrigation(W1)were conducted to study the impact of biochar and irrigation on soil water content,soil temperature,bulk density,grain yield and water use efficiency(WUE)of winter wheat under wheat-maize cropping system during 2015-2017. The results showed that under dry land without irrigation,yield and WUE of winter wheat increased first and then decreased with the increase of biochar application amount. The highest yield and WUE were presented under the biochar application amount of 40 t/ha,which increased by 8.0% and 8.2%,respectively,compared with B0(CK). Under irrigation condition,wheat yield and WUE increased with the increase of biochar application amount. Yield and WUE under B40 and B60 treatments increased by 7.4% and 12.2%,8.0% and 16.3%,respectively,compared with the control group without biochar. Under the condition of no irrigation,the soil water content under B60 and B40 treatment was lower than that under other treatments when the soil water content was lower than 15%. Under irrigation,biochar application increased soil water content. The application of biochar increased soil water storage and reduced water consumption during wheat growing period.Application of biochar reduced soil bulk density,and irrigation reduced this effect compared with no irrigation. Before the regreen stage,soil temperature increased with increasing of biochar application rates under no irrigation,while irrigation reversed the effect of biochar on soil temperature. After the regreen stage,soil daily mean soil temperature(MST)between treatments under no irrigation had little difference. The MST under irrigation was higher when MST was lower,and lower when the MST was higher. The suitable amount of biochar can increase soil moisture content,increase wheat yield and water use efficiency in arid areas.

Key words: Biochar, Soil water content, Soil temperature, Winter wheat, Yield

中图分类号:

S512.1
S311

董飞, 闫秋艳, 段增强, 李峰, 鲁晋秀, 杨峰, 李汛, 王苗, 贾亚琴. 生物炭对不同浇水条件下冬小麦产量及水分利用效率的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2020, 35(1): 149-157. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190377.

DONG Fei, YAN Qiuyan, DUAN Zengqiang, LI Feng, LU Jinxiu, YANG Feng, LI Xun, WANG Miao, JIA Yaqin. Effects of Biochar Addition on Yield and Water Use Efficiency of Winter Wheat under Different Irrigation Conditions[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2020, 35(1): 149-157. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190377.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2020/V35/I1/149

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