紫云英协同秸秆还田下氮钾减施对双季稻产量及光合特性的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20190303

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探究化肥氮钾减施配合紫云英秸秆还田对双季稻产量与光合特性的影响。通过田间小区试验，以常规化肥处理（100%化肥）为对照，研究紫云英协同晚稻秸秆还田下早稻减施20%，30%，40%化肥氮和同时减施40%化肥钾对双季稻产量、幼穗分化期倒三叶叶片净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间CO₂浓度（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、叶绿素含量（SPAD）及早晚稻收获期土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明：不同氮肥减施比例下紫云英协同晚稻秸秆还田均能增强水稻光合作用，提高土壤肥力，增加水稻年产量，且以减施30%化肥氮、40%化肥钾处理（T4）效果较好。与常规施肥处理相比，T4的水稻年产量增加4.5%，早稻稻谷增产6.8%，倒三叶叶片Pn、Gs、Tr和SPAD值分别降低7.8%，23.9%，21.0%，9.5%，Ci提高19.5%；其晚稻稻谷增产2.0%，倒三叶叶片Pn、Gs、Tr和SPAD值分别提高27.0%，55.3%，14.8%，13.4%，Ci降低1.6%；早晚稻收获期土壤碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾和有机质含量均有提高。研究结果，对指导双季稻田紫云英协同晚稻秸秆还田下化肥氮钾减施、水稻增产和地力提升有重要意义。

关键词: 双季稻, 化肥氮钾减施, 紫云英秸秆还田, 产量, 光合特征

Abstract: To explore the effect of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer reduction combined with Astragalus and straw returning on the yield and photosynthetic characteristics of double cropping rice. Field plot experiments were conducted to study the effects of Astragalus sinensis combined with late rice straw returning on yield,net photosynthetic rate(Pn),stomatal conductance(Gs),intercellular CO₂ concentration(Ci),transpiration rate(Tr)and chlorophyll content(SPAD)of double-cropping rice during panicle differentiation stage,soil physical and chemical properties by reducing 20%,30%,40% fertilizer nitrogen and 40% fertilizer potassium simultaneously. The results showed that the combination of different nitrogen fertilizer reducing ratio and the return of Astragalus sinensis and late rice straw could enhance rice photosynthesis,improve soil fertility and increase annual rice yield,and the effect of reducing 30% fertilizer nitrogen and 40% fertilizer potassium treatment(T4)was better. Compared with conventional fertilization treatment,the annual yield of rice T4 increased by 4.5%,early rice by 6.8%,Pn,Gs,Tr and SPAD values of the top three leaves decreased by 7.8%,23.9%,21.0% and 9.5%,Ci increased by 19.5%. The yield of late rice increased by 2.0%,Pn,Gs,Tr and SPAD values of the top three leaves increased by 27.0%,55.3%,14.8% and 13.4%,respectively,and Ci decreased by 1.6%. The contents of available phosphorus,available potassium and organic matter were all increased. The results are of great significance for guiding the reduction of fertilizer N and K application,the increase of rice yield and the improvement of fertility in double-cropping paddy fields with Astragalus sinensis and late rice straw returning.

Key words: Double cropping rice, Reduced application of fertilizer nitrogen and potassium, Returning Astragalus straw to field, Yield, Photosynthetic characteristics

中图分类号:

S147.2

胡柯鑫, 罗尊长, 董春华, 孙梅, 洪曦, 谢宜, 周旋, 刘杰, 孙耿. 紫云英协同秸秆还田下氮钾减施对双季稻产量及光合特性的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2020, 35(1): 141-148. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190303.

HU Kexin, LUO Zunchang, DONG Chunhua, SUN Mei, HONG Xi, XIE Yi, ZHOU Xuan, LIU Jie, SUN Geng. Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium Reduction on Yield and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Double Cropping Rice by Astragalus sinicus and Late Rice Straw Returning[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2020, 35(1): 141-148. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190303.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2020/V35/I1/141

参考文献

[1] 燕金香,李福明,徐春梅,陈松,褚光,章秀福,王丹英.水稻氮钾吸收的交互作用研究[J].中国稻米,2017,23(2):1-4.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-8082.2017.02.001.
Yan J X,Li F M,Xu C M,Chen S,Chu G,Zhang X F,Wang D Y. Study on interactions between N and K absorption in rice[J]. China Rice,2017,23(2):1-4.
[2] 朱兆良.中国土壤氮素研究[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):778-783.doi:10.3321/j.issn:0564-3929.2008.05.003.
Zhu Z L. Research on soil nitrogen in China[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2008,45(5):778-783.
[3] 张云贵,刘宏斌,李志宏,林葆,张夫道.长期施肥条件下华北平原农田硝态氮淋失风险的研究[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(6):711-716.doi:10.11674/zwyf.2005.0601.
Zhang Y G,Liu H B,Li Z H,Lin B,Zhang F D. Study of nitrate leaching potential from agricultural land in Northern China under long-term fertilization conditions[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2005,11(6):711-716.
[4] Chivenge P,Vanlauwe B,Six J.Does the combined application of organic and mineral nutrient sources influence maize productivity? A meta-analysis[J].Plant and Soil,2011,342(1-2):1-30.doi:10.1007/s11104-010-0626-5.
[5] Yu Y L,Xue L H,Yang L Z.Winter legumes in rice crop rotations reduces nitrogen loss,and improves rice yield and soil nitrogen supply[J].Agronomy for Sustainable Development,2014,34(3):633-640.doi:10.1007/s13593-013-0173-6.
[6] 苏成国,尹斌,朱兆良,沈其荣.农田氮素的气态损失与大气氮湿沉降及其环境效应[J].土壤,2005,37(2):113-120.doi:10.13758/j.cnki.tr.2005.02.001.
Su C G,Yin B,Zhu Z L,Shen Q R. Gaseous loss of nitrogen from fields and wet deposition of atmospheric nitrogen and their environmental effects[J]. Soils,2005,37(2):113-120.
[7] 姜超强,郑青松,祖朝龙.秸秆还田对土壤钾素的影响及其替代钾肥效应研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2015,34(4):1158-1165.doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.20150311.032.
Jiang C Q,Zheng Q S,Zu C L. Research progress on effects of straw returning on soil potassium and its substitute for potassium fertilizer[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2015,34(4):1158-1165.
[8] 廖育林,鲁艳红,谢坚,周兴,聂军,汤文光,杨曾平.紫云英配施控释氮肥对早稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(3):190-195.doi:10.13870/j.cnki.stbcxb.2015.03.035.
Liao Y L,Lu Y H,Xie J,Zhou X,Nie J,Tang W G,Yang Z P. Effects of combined application of controlled release nitrogen fertilizer and Chinese milk vetch on yield and nitrogen nutrient uptake of early rice[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2015,29(3):190-195.
[9] 高菊生,徐明岗,董春华,黄晶,曹卫东,曾希柏,文石林,聂军.长期稻-稻-绿肥轮作对水稻产量及土壤肥力的影响[J]. 作物学报,2013,39(2):343-349.doi:10.3724/SP.J.1006.2013.00343.
Gao J S,Xu M G,Dong C H,Huang J,Cao W D,Zeng X B,Wen S L,Nie J. Effects of long-term rice-rice-green manure cropping rotation on rice yield and soil fertility[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica,2013,39(2):343-349.
[10] 周兴,李再明,谢坚,廖育林,杨曾平,鲁艳红,聂军,曹卫东.紫云英利用后减施化肥对水稻产量和产值及土壤碳氮含量的影响[J]. 湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2014,40(3):225-230.doi:10.13331/j.cnki.jhau.2014.03.001.
Zhou X,Li Z M,Xie J,Liao Y L,Yang Z P,Lu Y H,Nie J,Cao W D. Effect of reducing chemical fertilizer on rice yield,output value,content of soil carbon and nitrogen after utilizing the milk vetch[J]. Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Scienes),2014,40(3):225-230.
[11] 杨曾平,聂军,廖育林,谢坚,鲁艳红,周兴.早稻稻草还田方式对晚稻产量及钾素吸收利用的短期效应[J].农业现代化研究,2016,37(4):802-808.doi:10.13872/j.1000-0275.2016.0075.
Yang Z P,Nie J,Liao Y L,Xie J,Lu Y H,Zhou X. Short-term influence of early rice straw return approaches on the yield and potassium absorption and utilization of late rice[J]. Research of Agricultural Modernization,2016,37(4):802-808.
[12] 李继福,鲁剑巍,任涛,丛日环,李小坤,周鹂,杨文兵,戴志刚.稻田不同供钾能力条件下秸秆还田替代钾肥效果[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(2):292-302.doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.02.009.
Li J F,Lu J W,Ren T,Cong R H,Li X K,Zhou L,Yang W B,Dai Z G. Effect of straw incorporation substitute for K-fertilizer under different paddy soil K supply capacities[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2014,47(2):292-302.
[13] 曾研华,吴建富,范呈根,曾勇军,谭雪明,潘晓华,石庆华.化肥减施条件下稻草还田供硅对双季稻产量及硅素养分吸收的影响[J].核农学报,2018,32(2):344-352.doi:10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2018.02.0344.
Zeng Y H,Wu J F,Fan C G,Zeng Y J,Tan X M,Pan X H,Shi Q H. Effects of straw incorporation supplying silicon on grain yield and silicon absorption of double cropping rice under chemical fertilizer reduced[J]. Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences,2018,32(2):344-352.
[14] 汤永坚,王朝欢,林娇,程思忍,肖婷,莫钊文,潘圣刚,唐湘如.机插苗数和分蘖施氮对华南双季水稻产量和干物质积累的影响[J].华北农学报,2018,33(1):185-194.doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2018.01.027.
Tang Y J,Wang C H,Lin J,Cheng S R,Xiao T,Mo Z W,Pan S G,Tang X R. Effects of mechanical transplanting seedlings number per hill and tillering nitrogen fertilization on yield and dry weight accumulation of double rice in South of China[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2018,33(1):185-194.
[15] 胡继杰,朱练峰,钟楚,林育炯,张均华,曹小闯,禹盛苗,James A B,金千瑜.增氧模式对水稻光合特性及产量的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2017,31(3):278-287.doi:10.16819/j.1001-7216.2017.6135.
Hu J J,Zhu L F,Zhong C,Lin Y J,Zhang J H,Cao X C,Yu S M, Allen B J,Jin Q Y. Effects of aeration methods on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of rice[J]. Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2017,31(3):278-287.
[16] 田红刚,刘永巍,樊冬生,黄少锋,孙伟,李建华.超高产水稻生育后期剑叶光合生理特性变化的研究[J].中国农学通报,2008,24(10):268-271.
Tian H G,Liu Y W,Fan D S,Huang S F,Sun W,Li J H. Study on the changes of photosynthetic characters in flag leaf after full heading stage of super rice[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2008,24(10):268-271.
[17] 郭智,刘红江,张岳芳,周炜,陈留根.氮磷减施对水稻剑叶光合特性、产量及氮素利用率的影响[J].西南农业学报,2017,30(10):2263-2269.doi:10.16213/j.cnki.scjas.2017.10.018.
Guo Z,Liu H J,Zhang Y F,Zhou W,Chen L G. Effects of reducing nitrogen and phosphorus application on photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves,grain yield,and nitrogen use efficiency of rice(Oryza sativa L.)[J].Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences,2017,30(10):2263-2269.
[18] 韩勇,李建国,姜秀英,刘博,刘军,解文孝. 辽宁省水稻灌浆期光合特性及其与产量品质的相关性分析[J]. 吉林农业科学,2012,37(1):4-8.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1003-8701.2012.01.002.
H an Y,Li J G,Jiang X Y,Liu B,Liu J,Xie W X. Correlation of photosynthetic characteristics at filling stage with yield and quality of rice in Liaoning Province[J]. Journal of Jilin Agricultural Sciences,2012,37(1):4-8.
[19] 陈春兰,涂成,陈安磊,侯海军,刘波,谢小立,魏文学,孙志龙. 红壤双季稻田土壤活性碳、氮周年变化及影响因素[J]. 植物营养与肥料学报,2018,24(2):335-345.doi:10.11674/zwyf.17198.
Chen C L,Tu C,Chen A L,Hou H J,Liu B,Xie X L,Wei W X,Sun Z L. Annual variation of active carbon and nitrogen contents and the related factors in red paddy soils of subtropical China[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers,2018,24(2):335-345.
[20] 张颖睿,杨滨娟,黄国勤. 紫云英翻压量与不同施氮量对水稻生长和氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 生态学杂志,2018,37(2):430-437.doi:10.13292/j.1000-4890.201802.023.
Zhang Y R,Yang B J,Huang G Q. Effects of Chinese milk vetch as a green manure and nitrogen fertilization on rice growth and nitrogen absorption and utilization of rice[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology,2018,37(2):430-437.
[21] 陈贵,张红梅,沈亚强,赵国华,程旺大. 绿肥和小麦秸秆与化肥配施对水稻生长和青紫泥土壤肥力的影响[J]. 浙江农业学报,2015,27(10):1797-1801.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1524.2015.10.20.
Chen G,Zhang H M,Shen Y Q,Zhao G H,Cheng W D.Influence of incorporation of green manure,wheat straw and chemical fertilizer on rice growth and fertility of purple clay-based paddy soil[J].Acta Agriculturae Zhejiangensis,2015,27(10):1797-1801.
[22] 鲁如坤. 土壤农业化学分析方法[M]. 北京:中国农业科技出版社,2004:430-472.
Lu R K. The analytical methods for soil and agrochemistry[M]. Beijing:China Agricultural Science and Technology Press,2004:430-472.
[23] 刘晓伟,王火焰,朱德进,周健民,陈照明,刘永哲,胡凤琴,缪辰.氮肥施用方式对水稻产量以及氮、磷、钾养分吸收利用的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2017,40(2):203-210.doi:10.7685/jnau.201606037.
Liu X W,Wang H Y,Zhu D J,Zhou J M,Chen Z M,Liu Y Z,Hu F Q,Miao C.Effect of N fertilization method on rice yield and N,P and K uptake and use efficiency[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2017,40(2):203-210.
[24] 刘威,王晓雨,朱德雄,詹鹏,李培根,戴志刚,鲁剑巍,耿明建. 紫云英与化肥配比施用对早稻养分吸收及产量的影响[J]. 湖北农业科学,2017,56(8):1438-1441,1444.doi:10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2017.08.010.
Liu W,Wang X Y,Zhu D X,Zhan P,Li P G,Dai Z G,Lu J W,Geng M J. Effects of combining application of Astragalus sinicus and chemical fertilizer on nutrient absorption and yield of early rice[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2017,56(8):1438-1441,1444.
[25] 廖海燕,鲁艳红,廖育林,聂军,周兴,谢坚,杨曾平.紫云英与化肥配施对双季稻产量及氮钾平衡的影响[J].湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版),2017,43(2):129-134.doi:10.13331/j.cnki.jhau.2017.02.003.
Liao H Y,Lu Y H,Liao Y L,Nie J,Zhou X,Xie J,Yang Z P. Effects of combined application of Chinese milk vetch with chemical fertilizer on yield and the balance of nitrogen and potassium in double-cropping rice system[J]. Journal of Hunan Agricultural University(Natural Sciences),2017,43(2):129-134.
[26] 凌宁,荀卫兵,沈其荣. 根际沉积碳与秸秆碳共存下作物与微生物氮素竞争机制及其调控[J]. 南京农业大学学报,2018,41(4):589-597,doi:10.7685/jnau.201805045.
Ling N,Xun W B,Shen Q R. Plant-microbial competition for nitrogen in rhizosphere in rhizosphere under straw returning regime:mechanisms and manipulation[J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,2018,41(4):589-597.
[27] 李海涛,王宇,杨金影. 不同氮肥用量对水稻产量及产量性状的影响[J]. 现代化农业,2016(9):12.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-0254.2016.09.008.
Li H T,Wang Y,Yang J Y. Effects of different nitrogen application rates on rice yield and yield traits[J]. Modernizing Agriculture,2016(9):12.
[28] 苏姗,傅志强,龙文飞,李海林. 氮肥运筹对双季晚稻产量及光合特性的影响[J]. 华北农学报,2018,33(3):218-223.doi:10.7668/hbnxb.2018.03.032.
Su S,Fu Z Q,Long W F,Li H L. Effects of nitrogen application on yield and photosynthetic characteristics of double-cropping late rice[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica,2018,33(3):218-223.
[29] 杨福,梁正伟,王志春,陈渊. 苏打盐碱胁迫下水稻净光合速率日变化及其与影响因子的关系[J]. 中国水稻科学,2007,21(4):386-390.doi:10.3321/j.issn:1001-7216.2007.04.010.
Yang F,Liang Z W,Wang Z C,Chen Y. Relationship between diurnal changes of net photosynthetic rate and affecting factors in flag leaves of rice under saline sodic stress[J]. Chinese Journal of Rice Science,2007,21(4):386-390.
[30] 陈根云,陈娟,许大全. 关于净光合速率和胞间CO₂浓度关系的思考[J]. 植物生理学通讯,2010,46(1):64-66.doi:10.13592/j.cnki.ppj.2010.01.007.
Chen G Y,Chen J,Xu D Q. Thinking about the relationship between net photosynthetic rate and intercellular CO₂ concentration[J]. Plant Physiology Communications,2010,46(1):64-66.
[31] 蔡威威,艾天成,李然,金紫缘,徐金刚,曹坤坤. 控释肥及尿素添加剂对双季稻光合特性及产量的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料,2018(3):54-60.doi:10.11838/sfsc.20180309.
Cai W W,Ai T C,Li R,Jin Z Y,Xu J G,Cao K K. Effects of controlled release fertilizer and urea additives on photosynthetic characteristics and yield of double-cropping rice[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China,2018(3):54-60.
[32] 王璐,吴建富,潘晓华,石庆华,刘宗发,胡金和. 紫云英和稻草还田免耕抛栽对水稻产量和土壤肥力的影响[J]. 中国农学通报,2010,26(20):299-303.
Wang L,Wu J F,Pan X H,Shi Q H,Liu Z F,Hu J H. Effects of no-tillage and cast-transplanting with milk vetch and straw incorporation on rice yield and soil fertility[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2010,26(20):299-303.
[33] 连泽晨.绿肥和秸秆还田对水稻产量、养分吸收及土壤肥力的影响[D]. 武汉:华中农业大学,2016.
Lian Z C. Effects of green manure and straw returning on rice yield,nutrient uptake and soil fertility[D]. Wuhan:Huazhong Agricultural University,2016.

选择文件类型/文献管理软件名称

选择包含的内容