宁南山区种植模式和施氮量对马铃薯农艺性状及产量的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20190187

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为研究种植模式（马铃薯燕麦间作）和施氮水平对马铃薯农艺性状及产量方面的影响，进行3种种植模式（马铃薯单作、燕麦单作和马铃薯燕麦间作）和4个施氮水平（0，75，150，225 kg/hm²）的裂区试验设计，旨在揭示种植模式和施氮量对马铃薯农艺性状及产量的影响规律以及种植模式和施氮对马铃薯农艺性状和产量的贡献程度，为进一步深入研究间作系统中氮素的运移提供一定的理论基础。研究结果表明，同一种植模式下，各施氮处理马铃薯株高、茎粗、干物质积累速率和叶绿素含量（SPAD）均随着生育时期的推进呈现先上升后降低的趋势，且表现为施氮作用的影响要高于种植模式。施氮处理下马铃薯产量均高于不施氮处理，间作增加幅度大于单作，施氮对产量的贡献程度要大于间作，与对照相比，单作施氮处理产量分别增加1.73%，10.29%，3.97%；间作施氮处理产量分别增加8.68%，31.23%，15.33%；施氮水平与间作种植模式交互作用下，马铃薯产量差异显著（P<0.05），不施氮间作产量低于单作，可能是由于两者间的种间竞争作用所致。不同施氮水平下，间作系统的土地当量比（LER）均大于1，间作优势明显，马铃薯燕麦间作的种间竞争力均小于0，燕麦的竞争能力强于马铃薯。马铃薯产量与每穴块数、每穴薯质量和大薯数呈正相关。综上，种植模式和施氮水平对马铃薯农艺性状和产量都有影响，并且施氮贡献效果要优于种植模式。

关键词: 马铃薯, 种植模式, 间作, 施氮, 产量, 农艺性状

Abstract: To study the effects of potato-oat intercropping and nitrogen application rates on agronomic traits and yield of potato and provide the theoretical basis for further study of nitrogen transport in intercropping system, a split zone design with three planting patterns(potato monocropping, oatmeal monocropping and potato-oat intercropping) and four nitrogen application levels(0, 75, 150, 225 kg/ha) were performed. The results showed that under the same planting pattern, the plant height, stem diameter, dry matter accumulation rate and chlorophyll(SPAD) of the nitrogen-treated potato showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing with the promotion of growth period, and the effect of nitrogen application was higher than that of intercropping. Nitrogen application could significantly increase the potato yield compared to no nitrogen application. The increase amount of intercropping was greater than that of monocropping. The contribution of nitrogen application to yield was greater than that of intercropping. Compared with the control, the yield of monocropping nitrogen treatments increased by 1.73%, 10.29% and 3.97%, respectively, while the yield of intercropping nitrogen treatments increased by 8.68%, 31.23% and 15.33%, respectively. Under the interaction of nitrogen application level with intercropping planting mode, the difference of yield was significant(P<0.05). Without nitrogen application, the yield of intercropping was lower than that of monocropping, which might be caused by interspecific competition between the two crops. Under different nitrogen application levels, the land equivalent ratio(LER) of the intercropping system was greater than 1, the intercropping advantage was obvious, the interspecific competition of potato-oat intercropping was less than 0, the competitiveness of oats was stronger than that of potato, and the yield of potato was positively correlated with the number of tubers per hole, the quality of each potato and the number of big tuber. In general, planting patterns and nitrogen application levels had an impact on potato agronomic traits and yield, and the contribution of nitrogen application was higher than that of planting mode.

Key words: Potato, Planting mode, Intercropping, Nitrogen application, Yield, Agronomic traits

中图分类号:

S532
S143.1

蔡明, 贺锦红, 杨亚亚, 吴娜, 刘吉利. 宁南山区种植模式和施氮量对马铃薯农艺性状及产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2020, 35(1): 158-167. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190187.

CAI Ming, HE Jinhong, YANG Yaya, WU Na, LIU Jili. Effects of Planting Patterns and Nitrogen Application Rates on Agronomic Traits and Yield of Potato in Mountainous Areas of Southern Ningxia[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2020, 35(1): 158-167. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190187.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2020/V35/I1/158

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