摘要： 为明确氮肥运筹对盐碱地水稻籽粒氮代谢关键酶活性和蛋白质含量的影响，以粳稻品种垦粳8号为材料，通过田间试验设置5种氮肥运筹，即不施氮肥（N0）、农民常规施氮（N1，纯N总量150 kg/hm²，基肥∶蘖肥∶穗肥=6：3：1）、平衡施氮（N2，纯N总量150 kg/hm²，基肥∶蘖肥∶穗肥=4：3：3）、平衡减氮（N3，纯N总量135 kg/hm²，基肥∶蘖肥∶穗肥=4：3：3）、氮肥前移（N4，纯N总量150 kg/hm²，基肥∶蘖肥∶穗肥=5：3：2），以N1为对照，分析不同氮肥运筹方式对盐碱地水稻抽穗期剑叶和籽粒中硝酸还原酶（NR）、谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）和谷氨酸合酶（GOGAT）活性以及籽粒中蛋白质含量、蛋白质组分、氨基酸含量的影响。结果表明，与N1相比，N2、N3和N4提高了水稻抽穗期剑叶中的NR、GS、GOGAT活性，尤其是N2和N3的NR、GS、GOGAT活性分别显著提高了74.21%，63.22%，45.46%和28.95%，34.28%，27.27%；抽穗后籽粒中NR、GS、GOGAT活性随灌浆进程的推进而降低，且各时期的变化趋势与抽穗期剑叶一致。N2和N3清蛋白、球蛋白、谷蛋白含量分别显著提高了28.30%，14.29%，10.32%和20.76%，9.89%，8.70%，醇溶蛋白分别显著降低了7.55%和9.43%，总蛋白质含量分别提高了9.59%，7.26%，N4蛋白质含量及其组分均有所提高，其中，谷蛋白显著提高了7.08%。N2和N3籽粒总氨基酸、必需氨基酸、非必需氨基酸含量分别显著提高了29.78%，31.14%，29.09%和19.11%，17.96%，19.39%，N4显著提高了总氨基酸和非必需氨基酸含量。综上，平衡施氮和平衡减氮有利于抽穗期剑叶以及籽粒灌浆过程中的NR、GS、GOGAT活性维持较高水平，调控蛋白质含量及其组分以及氨基酸含量，有效改善稻米的营养品质。

关键词: 水稻, 氮肥运筹, 氮代谢, 蛋白质含量, 氨基酸, 盐碱地

Abstract: In order to clarify the effects of nitrogen fertilizer applications on key enzyme activities of nitrogen metabolism and protein concent of rice in saline-alkali land, five kinds of nitrogen fertilizer operations were set up in the field experiment using japonica rice variety Kenjing 8 as material. Namely no nitrogen fertilizer(N0),farmers' conventional nitrogen application(N1,the total amount of pure N was 150 kg/ha,base fertilizer：tillering fertilizer：panicle fertilizer=6：3：1),balanced nitrogen application(N2,the total amount of pure N was 150 kg/ha,base fertilizer：tillering fertilizer：panicle fertilizer=4：3：3),balanced nitrogen reduction and fertilization(N3,the total amount of pure N was 135 kg/ha,base fertilizer：tillering fertilizer：panicle fertilizer=4：3：3),and nitrogen fertilizer advancement(N4,the total amount of pure N was 150 kg/ha,base fertilizer：tillering fertilizer：panicle fertilizer=5：3：2). Among them,N1 was used as a control. To analyze the activities of nitrate reductase(NR), glutamine synthetase(GS) and glutamate synthase(GOGAT) in flag leaves and grains at the heading stage of rice in saline-alkali land, as well as protein content and protein components in grains, the effect of amino acid content. Results showed that,compared with N1, N2, N3 and N4 increased the activity of NR, GS and GOGAT in the flag leaves of rice at the heading stage, especially the activities of NR, GS and GOGAT of N2 and N3 were significantly increased by 74.21%, 63.22%, 45.46% and 28.95%, 34.28%, 27.27%; The activities of NR, GS and GOGAT in the grain after heading decreased with the advancement of the filling process, and the trend of each period was consistent with the flag leaf at the heading stage. The albumin, globulin and gluten content of N2 and N3 were significantly increased by 28.30%, 14.29%, 10.32% and 20.76%, 9.89% and 8.70%, respectively. The prolamin was significantly reduced by 7.55% and 9.43%, respectively. The total protein content increased by 9.59% and 7.26%, respectively. The protein content of N4 and its components were improved, and gluten was significantly increased by 7.08%. The contents of total amino acids, essential amino acids and non-essential amino acids in the grains treated with N2 and N3 were significantly increased by 29.78%, 31.14%, 29.09% and 19.11%, 17.96%, 19.39%, respectively. N4 significantly increased the total amino acid and non-essential amino acid content. In summary, balanced nitrogen application and balanced nitrogen reduction are beneficial to maintain high levels of NR, GS and GOGAT activities during flag leaf and grain filling, and regulate protein content, its components and amino acid content, and effectively improve the nutritional quality of rice.

Key words: Rice, Nitrogen fertilizer applications, Nitrogen metabolism, Protein content, Amino acid, Saline-alkali land

中图分类号: 

• S143.1