绿肥苜蓿合理还田提高旱地小麦产量及土壤养分研究

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20190715

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为合理利用夏闲期光、热和水资源，提高山西南部农业发展的可持续，通过研究种植绿肥苜蓿对后作小麦产量及土壤养分的影响，探索有助于提高小麦的生产力的苜蓿种植模式。试验为二因素裂区设计，主区为苜蓿不同播量，分别为7.5（S），15.0（M），22.5 kg/hm²（L），副区为不同还田日期： 9月10日（T1）、9月20日（T2）、9月30日（T3），以常规复种玉米为对照（CK），于后作小麦的返青期、拔节期、抽穗期测定农艺性状、土壤养分，并于成熟期测定小麦产量。结果表明，与对照相比，供试夏闲期种植苜蓿各处理下，后作冬小麦的株高、绿叶数、单株干质量及倒二叶长宽，土壤有机质、碱解氮含量均有不同程度提高。大播量中还田日期的LT2处理下，有机质、碱解氮含量较对照分别提高1.20~3.38倍和4.08~5.42倍。冬小麦穗数、穗粒数、千粒质量，较对照分别提高6.3%，5.8%，4.1%，比对照增产3.9%。大播量中还田日期的LT2处理更有利于该地区小麦产量的提高，该试验可为相关研究提供理论依据。

关键词: 苜蓿, 还田, 小麦, 农艺性状, 土壤养分, 产量

Abstract: To explore the appropriate utilized sunshine, heat and water resources in summer fallow period and improve the sustainable development of agriculture of southern of Shanxi. We conduced the experiment of green manure alfalfa appropriate returned on dryland wheat yield and soil nutrient and to study the cropping model of green manure alfalfa to increase wheat yield. The experiment was designed as two-factor split plot. The main-plot was sowing rates of 7.5(S), 15.0(M), 22.5 kg/ha(L) and sub-plot was returning dates of 10 September(T1), 20 September(T2), 30 September(T3) compared to conventional multiple cropping maize as control(CK). We are determined the agronomic traits, soil nutrients and yield in differ growth stage involving in the returning green stage, jointing stage and heading stage. The results showed that those of plant height, green leaves numbers, dry weight per plant, length and width of second leaf as well as soil organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen were increased compared to the control. Soil organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen were increased by 1.20-3.38 times and 4.08-5.42 times respectively under 22.5 kg/ha(L) seed rates and the second returned date(T2) treatment. Winter-wheat of spikes, grains per spike and 1000-grain weight were increased by 6.3%, 5.8%, 4.1% and 3.9% compared to the control, respectively. In addition, winter-wheat yield was increased by 3.9%. Therefore, we confirmed that the 22.5 kg/ha(L) seed rates and the second returned date(T2) treatment would be improved wheat yield in region of southern of Shanxi Province. The results can provide the conceptual foundation for much of related research.

Key words: Alfalfa, Returning, Wheat, Agronomic trait, Soil nutrient, Yield

中图分类号:

S512.2

张晓琪, 景豆豆, 杨珍平, 张春来, 高志强. 绿肥苜蓿合理还田提高旱地小麦产量及土壤养分研究[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(S1): 221-227. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190715.

ZHANG Xiaoqi, JING Doudou, YANG Zhenping, ZHANG Chunlai, GAO Zhiqiang. Improvement of Green Manure Alfalfa Appropriate Returned on Dryland Wheat Yield and Soil Nutrient[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2019, 34(S1): 221-227. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190715.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2019/V34/IS1/221

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