摘要： 为了探究不同季节土表覆盖水稻秸秆腐解及对大棚水生蔬菜产量和土壤肥力的影响，设置水稻秸秆7 500 kg/hm²覆盖土表和对照（CK，不覆盖水稻秸秆）2个处理，各设3次重复，于秋冬季在大棚内使用塑料栽培箱并灌浅水种植豆瓣菜，研究水稻秸秆覆盖对水稻秸秆腐解率、豆瓣菜产量品质和土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明，水稻秸秆腐解率为69.34%，处理和对照的豆瓣菜总产量分别为68 610，64 725 kg/hm²，较对照提高6%，处理的豆瓣菜能吸收转移较多的氮磷钾，茎、叶干物率和粗纤维含量均较对照明显下降，提高了豆瓣菜植株的品质。土壤有机碳含量较种植前下降1.15%，对照下降2.88%，有效缓解了因植株生长吸收所致的有机碳含量下降。种植后土壤全氮-全磷-全钾含量涨幅较对照高15.4%-9.3%-5.7%、硝态氮含量涨幅较对照高14.51%、速效磷含量降幅较对照低4.9%、速效钾含量涨幅较对照高8.36%。磷酸酶和脲酶活性均下降，但降幅显著小于对照，说明水稻秸秆覆盖能有效改善土壤酶活性。认为设施内水田土表覆盖水稻秸秆仍有较高腐解率，能提高当季水生蔬菜产量品质并改善土壤性质。

关键词: 水稻秸秆, 腐解率, 豆瓣菜, 产量品质, 土壤理化性质

Abstract: In order to explore the effects of soil surface covering rice straw rot in different seasons on the yield of aquatic vegetables and soil fertility in greenhouses, 7 500 kg/ha of rice straw was covered with soil surface and control (CK, not covered with rice straw), and each treatment was set up 3 times. Repeatedly, in the autumn and winter, the plastic cultivation box was used in the greenhouse and the water was used to grow the watercress to study the effects of rice straw mulching on the decomposing rate of rice straw, the yield quality of watercress and the physical and chemical properties of soil. The results showed that the decomposing rate of rice straw was 69.34%, and the total yield of treated and control watercress was 68 610, 64 725 kg/ha, which was 6% higher than that of the control. The treated watercress could absorb more nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The stem and leaf dry matter rate and crude fiber content were significantly lower than the control, which improved the quality of the watercress plant. The soil organic carbon content decreased by 1.15% compared with that before planting, and the control decreased by 2.88%, which effectively alleviated the decrease of organic carbon content caused by plant growth and absorption. The total nitrogen-total phosphorus-total potassium content of the soil increased by 15.4%-9.3%-5.7% compared with the control, the nitrate nitrogen content increased by 14.51% compared with the control, the available phosphorus content decreased by 4.9% compared with the control, and the available potassium content increased by 8.36% compared with the control. The activities of soil invertase, acid phosphatase and urease decreased after planting, but the decrease was significantly lower than that of the control, indicating that rice straw mulching can effectively improve soil enzyme activity. It is believed that there is still a high decomposing rate of rice straw in the paddy field in the facility, which can improve the yield and quality of aquatic vegetables and improve soil properties.

Key words: Rice straw, The decomposing rate, Nasturtium officinale R. Br., Yield and quality, Physicochemical properties of soil

中图分类号: 

• S141