见花一次施氮量对夏直播棉花产量和品质的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20190465

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探讨夏（麦/油后）直播棉适宜的氮肥用量，2018年在湖北省3个主产棉区5个试验点进行施氮量分别为120，150，180，210，240 kg/hm²的一年多点试验，在固定磷肥和钾肥及夏直播模式下研究见花一次施肥技术的氮肥用量对棉花产量和品质及田间表现的影响。结果表明：皮棉产量随施氮量增加呈先增后减的趋势，氮肥用量为150 kg/hm²的处理皮棉产量最高（1 498 kg/hm²），但是5个处理间没有显著差异，该模式在本试验设置的施氮水平范围内可获得最佳产量及比较稳定的产量；纤维品质在5个不同氮肥处理间没有表现出显著差异，此模式下施氮量对棉花品质没有产生影响；棉花生育特性及田间长相在5个不同氮肥施用量处理间也没有显著差异，该模式下一次施氮量的5个处理对棉花生育进程及长势没有产生影响。因此，湖北棉区夏直播模式条件下，见花一次施氮量在120~240 kg/hm²可实现棉花稳长，并获得稳定的产量和品质。为提高植棉效益，从“减投不减产”植棉策略出发，夏直播棉一次施氮量不超过150 kg/hm²是可行的。

关键词: 夏棉, 见花施肥, 施氮量, 产量, 品质

Abstract: Experiment was carried out to study the effects of five different nitrogen rates(120, 150, 180, 210, 240 kg/ha) applied once fertilization when seeing first flower on cotton yield and quality saw in summer in five trials where are in the main cotton producing areas of Hubei Province in 2018.The results showed that the cotton lint yield increased firstly and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. And the highest lint yield treatment was N150 by 1 498 kg/ha without significant difference compared with the five nitrogen treatments. That means a relatively stable yield could be obtained within large range nitrogen fertilizer level; There was no significant difference in fiber quality among the five different nitrogen treatments, did also in cotton growth characteristics and field growth. Therefore, under the conditions of cotton planting in summer, it can be obtained stable yield and quality when nitrogen application rate is among 120-240 kg/ha. In order to improve the efficiency of cotton planting according to the strategy of ″reducing investment without reducing production″, and it is feasible to apply nitrogen rate without exceeding 150 kg/ha in Hubei Province.

Key words: Cotton saw in summer, Fertilization when seeing first flower, Nitrogen application rate, Yield, Quality

中图分类号:

S143.1

张友昌, 荣义华, 黄晓莉, 胡爱兵, 李洪菊, 冯常辉, 闫显会, 李蔚, 张贤红, 罗艳萍, 杨国正. 见花一次施氮量对夏直播棉花产量和品质的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(S1): 235-241. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190465.

ZHANG Youchang, RONG Yihua, HUANG Xiaoli, HU Aibing, LI Hongju, FENG Changhui, YAN Xianhui, LI Wei, ZHANG Xianhong, LUO Yanping, YANG Guozheng. The Effects of Different Nitrogen Application Rates on Cotton Yield and Quality Saw in Summer[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2019, 34(S1): 235-241. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20190465.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2019/V34/IS1/235

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