华北农学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (S1): 234-240. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20191096

所属专题: 玉米 土壤肥料 抗旱节水

• 资源环境·植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同施肥处理对半干旱区土壤理化性质、玉米光合特性和产量的影响

黄梓源1,2, 王天野1,2, 王呈玉1,2, 白义晨1,2, 吴阳生1,2, 刘淑霞1,2   

  1. 1. 吉林农业大学 资源与环境学院, 吉林 长春 130118;
    2. 吉林省商品粮基地土壤资源可持续利用重点实验室, 吉林 长春 130118
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-07 出版日期:2020-12-28
  • 通讯作者: 刘淑霞(1969-),女,吉林辽源人,教授,博士,主要从事施肥与环境研究。
  • 作者简介:黄梓源(1995-),男,吉林吉林人,在读硕士,主要从事施肥与环境研究。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0300405-4);吉林省科技发展计划项目(20200403069SF)

Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Maize in Semi-arid Area

HUANG Ziyuan1,2, WANG Tianye1,2, WANG Chengyu1,2, BAI Yichen1,2, WU Yangsheng1,2, LIU Shuxia1,2   

  1. 1. College of Resources and Environment, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun 130118, China;
    2 Key Laboratory of Soil Resource Sustainable Utilization for Jilin Province Commodity Grain Bases, Changchun 130118, China
  • Received:2020-02-07 Published:2020-12-28

摘要: 为了探究不同施肥处理对改善东北半干旱地区土壤水分状况及玉米保产机理,为东北半干旱地区玉米抗旱增产技术措施的提出提供理论依据。采用大田试验,设置农民习惯(CK)、单施秸秆(S)、化肥有机肥配施(NPK+M)和化肥秸秆配施(NPK+S)4个处理,研究对比了不同施肥处理对土壤理化性状、玉米生理指标和产量指标的影响。结果表明,施肥可以提高土壤中N、P、K含量和有机质含量,降低土壤pH,以有机无机肥料配合施用效果最佳。土壤中不同土层的水分含量受施肥处理的影响很小,但从试验所得的数据来看,在0~20 cm土层中,有机无机肥料配合施用处理下的土壤含水量、田间持水量、饱和含水量均在数值上达到最大。有机无机肥料的合理配施能够促进植物更加均衡的吸收营养元素,提高玉米叶片的净光合速率、气孔导度、叶绿素含量,降低蒸发所损失的水分,进而促进植物鲜干质量的增加。有机无机肥配施达到了增加玉米穗长、行粒数、千粒质量的效果,实现玉米产量的增加。与农民习惯相比,通过对东北半干旱地区土壤上配合施用有机肥料与无机肥料,能够有效改善土壤养分状况,提高土壤不同土层土壤含水量,增加土壤的蓄水量,同时提高玉米光合性状指标,促进玉米生长发育,改善产量指标,进而实现玉米增产。有机无机配施是适合干旱区玉米抗旱保产的技术措施。

关键词: 玉米施肥处理, 半干旱地区, 生理指标, 产量, 土壤理化性质

Abstract: In order to explore the different fertilization treatments to improve the soil moisture status and the mechanism of maize yield preservation in the semi-arid area of Northeast China,it provides a theoretical basis for the technical measures of drought resistance and yield increase of maize in the semi-arid area of Northeast China. This study used field tests to set four treatments:farmer habits(CK),single application of straw(S),combined application of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer(NPK+M),and combined application of chemical fertilizer and straw(NPK+S). Effects of different fertilization treatments on soil physical and chemical properties,corn physiological indexes and yield indexes. The results showed that fertilization could increase the content of N,P,K and organic matter in the soil,reduce the soil pH,and organic and inorganic fertilizers combined with the best application effect. The moisture content of different soil layers in the soil was little affected by the fertilization treatment,but from the data obtained from the experiment,in the 0-20 cm soil layer,the organic and inorganic fertilizers combined with the application of the treatment of the soil moisture content,field water holding capacity, the saturated water content reached the maximum value. Reasonable application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could promote plants to absorb nutrients more balancedly,increase the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,and chlorophyll content of corn leaves,reduce the moisture lost by evaporation,and then promote the increase of fresh and dry weight of plants. The combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers had the effect of increasing the length of corn ears,the number of rows of grains,and the weight of thousand kernels,and increasing the yield of corn. Compared with the habits of farmers,the application of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer on the soil in the semi-arid area of Northeast China could effectively improve the soil nutrient status,increase the soil moisture content of different soil layers,increase the water storage capacity of the soil,and increase the index of corn photosynthetic traits,promote the growth and development of corn,improve the yield index,and then increase corn yield. Combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers is a technical measure suitable for drought resistance and yield maintenance of maize in arid areas.

Key words: Corn fertilization treatment, Semi-arid area, Physiological index, Yield, Soil physical and chemical properties

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引用本文

黄梓源, 王天野, 王呈玉, 白义晨, 吴阳生, 刘淑霞. 不同施肥处理对半干旱区土壤理化性质、玉米光合特性和产量的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2020, 35(S1): 234-240. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20191096.

HUANG Ziyuan, WANG Tianye, WANG Chengyu, BAI Yichen, WU Yangsheng, LIU Shuxia. Effects of Different Fertilization Treatments on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Maize in Semi-arid Area[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2020, 35(S1): 234-240. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20191096.

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