摘要： 为探明含碳物料对土壤改良及作物生长的影响，以晋北苏打盐化土为研究对象，通过田间试验研究了等碳量风化煤、生物炭、牛粪和秸秆对土壤理化性质及春玉米生长的影响。结果表明，含碳物料降低了土壤容重、提高了土壤孔隙度。土壤容重表现为风化煤 < 牛粪 < 秸秆 < 生物炭 < CK，0~10 cm、10~20 cm土层风化煤处理比对照降低4.73%，7.05%，牛粪处理降低5.75%，3.91%；含碳物料明显提高了土壤有机质含量，0~20 cm土层有机质含量均以风化煤、牛粪处理较高，0~10 cm、10~20 cm较对照分别显著提高54.78%，36.62%和37.40%，32.95%；含碳物料明显降低了0~20 cm土层土壤pH值和全盐量，风化煤、牛粪处理降低效果优于生物炭和秸秆处理，施用风化煤、牛粪后0~10 cm、10~20 cm土壤pH值较对照显著降低0，59，0.55和0.53，0.53，全盐量降低13.49%，14.27%和8.10%，7.35%。含碳物料有降低土壤水溶性钠离子、碳酸根离子及碳酸氢根离子含量的作用，均以牛粪、风化煤处理的降低效果较好；施用含碳物料提高了土壤养分含量，牛粪、风化煤对土壤全氮、有效磷含量影响较大，秸秆对速效钾含量影响较大；含碳物料促进了春玉米的生长发育和产量的增加，其中株高、干物质量和产量表现为风化煤、牛粪>秸秆、生物炭>CK；施用风化煤、牛粪后2016，2017年产量较CK分别显著增加31.81%，37.72%和28.58%，22.99%。研究表明，含碳物料对苏打盐化土的改良利用有积极的影响，风化煤、牛粪改良效果优于秸秆和生物炭。

关键词: 苏打盐化土, 含碳物料, 改良利用, 土壤理化性质

Abstract: To study the effects of carbonaceous materials on soil improvement and crop growth, the field experiment was conducted on representative soda saline soil in Northern Shanxi. It studied the effects of weathered coal, biochar, cattle manure and corn stalk on soil physical properties,soil salinity, soil nutrient and spring maize growth. The results showed that all carbonaceous materials reduced soil bulk density and improved soil porosity. Soil bulk density followed a trend of weathered coal < cattle manure < corn stalk < biochar < CK. Compared with CK, soil bulk density of weathered coal and cattle manure treatments decreased by 4.73%,7.05% and 5.75%,3.91% for 0-10 cm,10-20 cm soil layers.Carbonaceous materials increased soil organic matter content. Compared with CK,soil organic matter content significantly increased by 54.78%,36.62% for 0-10 cm soil layer and 37.40%,32.95% for 10-20 cm soil layer after applying weathered coal and cattle manure.In addition, the soil pH and total salinity of the 0-20 cm soil layer were significantly reduced by carbonaceous materials.The effects of weathered coal and cattle manure were better than biochar and corn stalk. Compared with CK,soil pH of weathered coal and cattle manure treatments were significantly reduced by 0.59, 0.55 and 0.53, 0.53, while total salinity decreased by 13.49%, 14.27% and 8.10%, 7.35% for 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm soil layers, respectively. Further, carbonaceous materials could reduce the content of water-soluble sodium ions, carbonate ions and bicarbonate ions and the effects of cattle manure and weathered coal treatments were better. The application of carbonaceous materials increased the soil nutrients content, the cattle manure and weathered coal treatments had a great influence on the content of total nitrogen and available phosphorus, and corn stalk treatment had a great influence on the content of available potassium. Carbonaceous materials promoted the growth and yield of spring maize. Plant height, dry matter and yield all followed the trend of weathered coal and cattle manure > corn stalk and biocha > CK.Compared with CK, the spring maize yield of weathered coal and cattle manure treatments significantly increased by 31.81%, 37.72% and 28.58%, 22.99% for 2016 and 2017, respectively. In conclusion,carbonaceous materials had positive influences on the improvement and utilization of soda saline soil, the effects of weathered coal and cattle manure were better than biochar and corn stalk. The study results will provide reference for the application of weathered coal and cattle manure.

Key words: Soda saline soil, Carbonaceous materials, Improvement and utilization, Soil physical and chemical properties

中图分类号: 

• S156.4