摘要： 为了解决花生生产中肥料用量高、养分利用效率低等问题，为花生减量施肥提供依据，采用肥料定位试验研究氮、磷、钾对冀东春花生生长和产量的影响。结果表明：不施氮、磷、钾肥均显著降低了花生营养生长期的生物量和花生的产量，不施氮肥和磷肥主要通过减少花生单株果数而减产，不施钾肥主要是通过降低花生百果质量而减产；氮、磷、钾对花生产量的贡献率为：K > N > P。其中，-N （PK）、-P （NK）、-K （NP）、1/2P （NK）、1/2K （NP）处理花生产量分别相当于NPK处理产量的81.9%，82.3%，81.2%，86.2%，83.7%，差异均达到显著水平。各施肥处理花生产量高低顺序：NPK > 2/3N （PK） > 1/2N （PK） > 1/2P （NK） > 1/2K （NP） > -P （NK） > -N （PK） > -K （NP）。1/2N （PK）、2/3N （PK）处理产量与NPK处理比较无显著变化。N、P₂O₅、K₂O用量分别为180，90，90 kg/hm²，花生产量4 590.6 kg/hm²，土壤氮磷钾收支表观平衡分别为：-9.4%，109.5%，-36.9%，考虑土壤供氮磷钾量后的实际盈余分别为：71.9%，190.5%，43.5%。基于花生是豆科植物，冀东花生产区土壤有效磷较高、速效钾较低的土壤肥力现状，花生种植中减肥增效技术为：基肥减施氮肥和磷肥、保证钾肥，推荐基肥N、P₂O₅和K₂O用量分别为67.5~90.0 kg/hm²，45.0~90.0 kg/hm²和45.0~90.0 kg/hm²。

关键词: 花生, 肥料定位, 氮磷钾, 产量效应

Abstract: In order to solve the problem of high fertilizer use and low nutrient utilization efficiency, to provide the basic knowledge for efficient fertilization in peanut production, in situ experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of N, P and K fertilization on the growth and yield of spring peanut. Results showed that:the absence of N, P or K fertilization significantly decreased the biomass and yields, of which the absence of N and P fertilization mainly reduced the pods per strain, whereas the absence of K decreased the 100-pod weight significantly. Moreover, the contribution of N, P and K fertilization to the peanut yields were in the order of K > N > P. The yields of treatments-N(PK),-P(NK),-K(NP), 1/2P(NK)and 1/2K(NP)were 81.9%, 82.3%, 81.2%, 86.2% and 83.7% that of NPK treatment, the difference being significant. The yields of fertilization treatment were in the order of NPK > 2/3N(PK) > 1/2N(PK) > 1/2P(NK) > 1/2K(NP) > -P(NK) > -N(PK) > -K(NP), but the 1/2N(PK)and 2/3N(PK)treatments had no significant impact on yield. Under the fertilization rates of 180 kg/ha N, 90 kg/ha P₂O₅ and 90 kg/ha K₂O, the peanut yield reached to 4 590.6 kg/ha,and the soil apparent nutrient balances of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O were-9.4%, 109.5% and-36.9%, respectively. When considering about the soil supply of NPK, the actual nutrient balances of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O were 71.9%, 190.5% and 43.5%, respectively. Based on the facts that peanut was legume and the soil fertility conditions in peanut production area of Eastern Hebei Province were high available phosphorus and low available potassium, the techniques of efficient fertilization in peanut production were recommended as follows:reducing nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers, and ensuring potassium fertilizer. The suitable application rates of N, P₂O₅ and K₂O were 67.5-90.0 kg/ha, 45.0-90.0 kg/ha and 45.0-90.0 kg/ha for basal fertilizers, respectively, for spring peanut production in Eastern Hebei Province.

Key words: Peanut, Fertilizer location, Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, Yield response

中图分类号: 

• S147.5