化学氮肥配施有机肥对烟草品质、氮素吸收及利用率的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.201751264

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明不同量化学氮肥配施有机肥（菜枯，M）对烟草云烟87品质、氮素吸收及利用率的影响，探讨适合贵州省黔东南州烟草种植区的最佳有机无机施氮量，以期为烟草生产的减肥降本、增产提质增效提供技术参考。采用田间小区试验，设置CK₁、CK₂、MN_iPK （i=0或1或2或3）6个施肥处理，分析各处理烟叶的品质、各处理烟株的吸氮量及氮利用率。结果表明：与CK₂处理相比，MN₁PK、MN₂PK和MN₃PK处理烟叶总糖含量分别提高8.57%，14.18%，13.03%；烟叶还原糖含量分别提高4.67%，9.66%，8.26%；烟叶钾含量分别提高8.34%，19.08%，17.12%；烟叶氯含量分别降低0.36%，8.19%，3.56%；提高了钾氯比和两糖差；与CK₂处理相比，化学氮肥配施有机肥处理降低烟叶刺激性和杂气，提升香气质和香气量，增强燃烧性以及余味舒适愈加绵长；与MN₁PK和MN₃PK处理相比，MN₂PK处理提高了氮肥利用率，分别提高了2.99，4.54百分点。化学氮肥配施有机肥（有机氮占36.00%~45.77%），使烟叶中各化学成分之间的比例更为协调，提高了烟叶的评吸质量，增加了烟株氮的吸收量，提高了肥料氮的利用率；在本试验条件下，综合分析各处理对烟叶化学成分、评吸质量和氮利用率的影响，各处理中以有机氮占45.77%的处理表现较好，黔东南烟草种植区推荐使用有机氮占总施氮量的适宜比例为36.00%~45.77%。建议在本烟区推广应用，同时可为相近地区烟草施肥提供参考。

关键词: 烟草, 化学氮肥, 有机肥, 配合施用, 品质, 氮素吸收, 利用率

Abstract: The aim of this study was to reveal the effects of application rates of chemical nitrogen(N) fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer(rapeseed cake,M)on the quality,N uptake and use efficiency of tobacco Yun yan 87,and to find the best organic and inorganic N application amount of tobacco in Qiandongnan prefecture of Guizhou Province,which could provide the technical reference for reducing the production cost,and increasing the yield and quality of tobacco. Six treatments,i.e. CK₁,CK₂ and MN_iPK(i=0,1,2 or 3)were set in a field plot experiment. The effects of each treatment on the leaf quality,N uptake and use efficiency of tobacco were analyzed. The results showed that,compared with CK₂ treatment,total sugar contents in tobacco leaves of MN₁PK,MN₂PK and MN₃PK treatments increased by 8.57%,14.18% and 13.03%,respectively,the reduced-sugar contents increased by 4.67%,9.66% and 8.26%,respectively,the potassium contents increased by 8.34%,19.08% and 17.12%,respectively,while the chlorine content decreased by 0.36%,8.19% and 3.56%,respectively. The ratio of potassium to chloride and the difference between total sugar and reduced-sugar were improved. Compared with CK₂ treatment,the stimulation and foreign smoke of tobacco leaves decreased and the fragrance quality and fragrance amount enhanced in combination of chemical N fertilizer with organic fertilizer. The combustibility enhanced,and the lasting smoke was more comfortable and longer. Compared with MN₁PK and MN₃PK treatments,MN₂PK treatment increased the N use efficiency by 2.99,4.54 percentage points,respectively. The chemical N fertilizer combined with organic fertilizer(organic N accounting for 36.00%-45.77%)coordinated the ratio of different chemical component of tobacco leaves,improved the smoking quality,increased N the nitrogen uptake of tobacco plant and enhanced N use efficiency. After comprehensively analyzing the effects of each treatment on chemical component,smoking quality and N use efficiency of tobacco leaves,the best treatment was that the organic N accounted for 45.77%,and the recommended ratio of organic N was 36.00%-45.77% of total N in tobacco land of Qiandongnan prefecture,which was suggested to be extended in the local areas,and could provide a reference for the neighboring areas.

Key words: Tobacco, Chemical N fertilizer, Organic fertilizer, Combined application, Quality, N uptake, Use efficiency

中图分类号:

S572
S143.1

汤宏, 曾掌权, 张杨珠, 李向阳, 王建伟, 刘伦沛, 严红光. 化学氮肥配施有机肥对烟草品质、氮素吸收及利用率的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2019, 34(4): 183-191. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751264.

TANG Hong, ZENG Zhangquan, ZHANG Yangzhu, LI Xiangyang, WANG Jianwei, LIU Lunpei, YAN Hongguang. Leaf Quality,Nitrogen Uptake and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Tobacco under Combination of Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizer with Organic Fertilizer[J]. ACTA AGRICULTURAE BOREALI-SINICA, 2019, 34(4): 183-191. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.201751264.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2019/V34/I4/183

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