水氮互作对宁夏引黄灌区设施西瓜品质、产量和氮素吸收利用的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194490

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了筛选适宜宁夏引黄灌区设施西瓜适宜的水氮组合,试验设计不同水氮处理,研究水氮互作对西瓜叶片SPAD值、果实品质、产量和氮素吸收及利用等影响。结果表明,W1N4、W2N3、W2N4、W3N3、W3N4处理的SPAD值较高,施氮量为N2、N3时品质较佳,W3N4处理产量最高,为76 565.36 kg/hm²,较其他处理显著增加8.34%~37.57%;相比较其他灌水水平,灌水量为W1时,设施西瓜灌溉水分利用效率较高,其中,W1N3、W1N4处理灌溉水分利用效率较高,分别达到43.91,45.32 kg/m³,较其他处理显著增加14.00%~56.40%;W3N4处理果实氮积累量和总氮积累量显著最高,较其他处理分别增加22.75%~192.36%,17.00%~123.39%;W3N2处理氮肥偏生产力与氮肥利用率显著最高,氮肥偏生产力较其他处理显著增加11.00%~343.68%,氮肥当季利用率比其他处理提高了3.34~10.02百分点。相关性分析表明,SPAD值、中心可溶性固形物含量、Vc、产量、灌溉水分利用效率、氮积累量相互间均呈显著正相关,与氮肥偏生产力、氮肥利用率之间均呈显著负相关;边缘可溶性固形物含量与植株氮积累量呈正相关,与氮肥偏生产力、氮肥利用率呈负相关。总之,施氮量为N2(80 kg/hm²)、N3(160 kg/hm²)时设施西瓜品质较好,灌水量W3(2 200 m³/hm²)与施氮量N4(240 kg/hm²)组合的增产效果最佳,高灌水量与高施氮量互作有利于西瓜吸收氮素,而低施氮量与高灌水量互作有利于氮肥的利用。

关键词: 设施西瓜, 品质, 产量, 氮素, 水分利用效率

Abstract:

In order to screen out suitable water and nitrogen combinations for watermelons in Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia, different water and nitrogen treatments were designed to study the effects of water and nitrogen interaction on SPAD value of watermelon leaves, fruit quality,yield and nitrogen uptake and utilization. The results showed that SPAD values were higher by W1N4,W2N3,W2N4,W3N3 and W3N4 treatment,the quality was better under nitrogenous fertilizer amounts at N2 and N3.The yield was the highest under W3N4 treatment,reaching 76 565.36 kg/ha and increased by 8.34% to 37.57% compared with other treatments significantly.Followed by W3N2 and W3N3 treatment.Compared with other levels,when the irrigation water level was W1,the water use efficiency of facility watermelon irrigation was higher.Among them,the irrigation water use efficiency of W1N3 and W1N4 treatment was higher,reaching 43.91,45.32 kg/ha respectively,while it was significantly increased by 14.00% to 56.40% from other treatments.Fruit nitrogen accumulation and total nitrogen accumulation under W3N4 treatment were all the highest compared with other treatments significantly,increasing by 22.75% to 192.36% and 17.00% to 123.39% respectively compared with the other treatments.Partial factor productivity of nitrogen and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate under W3N2 treatment were all the highest compared with other treatments significantly.Partial factor productivity of nitrogen increased by 11.00% to 343.68%separately compared with the other treatments and nitrogen fertilizer utilization rate increased by 3.34 to 10.02 percentage points compared with other treatments.The correlation analysis showed that SPAD,the center of soluble solids,Vc,yield,irrigation water use efficiency and nitrogen accumulation,were all significantly positively correlated with each other,and they were significantly negatively correlated with partial factor productivity of nitrogen and nitrogen use efficiency,the edge of soluble solids was positively correlated with nitrogen accumulation of the plants,and negatively correlated with partial factor productivity of nitrogen and nitrogen use efficiency.To sum up,the watermelon had better quality when nitrogenous fertilizer amounts were N2(80 kg/ha) and N3(160 kg/ha),the yield-increasing effect was the best under the combination of water amount for W3(2 200 m³/ha)and nitrogenous fertilizer amount for N4(240 kg/ha).The interaction between high amount of irrigation water and nitrogenous fertilizer application is beneficial to the nitrogen absorption in watermelon,and the interaction between low nitrogen application amount and high nitrogenous fertilizer amount is conducive to utilization of nitrogen fertilizer.

Key words: Facility-cultivated watermelon, Quality, Yield, Nitrogen, Water use efficiency

杨万邦, 王晓媛, 于蓉, 杜慧莹, 刘声锋, 田梅, 郭松, 魏兆辉. 水氮互作对宁夏引黄灌区设施西瓜品质、产量和氮素吸收利用的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2024, 39(4): 154-161. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194490.

YANG Wanbang, WANG Xiaoyuan, YU Rong, DU Huiying, LIU Shengfeng, TIAN Mei, GUO Song, WEI Zhaohui. The Influence for Water and Nitrogenous Fertilizer Interaction on Quality, Yield and Absorption and Utilization of Nitrogen for Facility-cultivated Watermelon in Yellow River Irrigation Area of Ningxia[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(4): 154-161. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194490.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2024/V39/I4/154

图/表 7

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水平 Level	总灌水量 The amount of irrigation water	幼苗期 The younger of seedling stage	伸蔓期 Vine stage	开花坐果期 Anthesis and fruit stage	膨果期 Expanding stage
W1	1 400.00	140.00	490.00	280.00	490.00
W2	1 800.00	180.00	630.00	360.00	630.00
W3	2 200.00	220.00	770.00	440.00	770.00

水平 Level	总灌水量 The amount of irrigation water	幼苗期 The younger of seedling stage	伸蔓期 Vine stage	开花坐果期 Anthesis and fruit stage	膨果期 Expanding stage
W1	1 400.00	140.00	490.00	280.00	490.00
W2	1 800.00	180.00	630.00	360.00	630.00
W3	2 200.00	220.00	770.00	440.00	770.00

水平 Level	总施肥量 The amount of fertilizer	底肥 Base fertilizer	伸蔓期 Vine stage	开花坐果期 Anthesis and fruit stage	膨果初期 The early expanding stage
N1	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
N2	80.00	24.00	16.00	24.00	16.00
N3	160.00	58.00	32.00	58.00	32.00
N4	240.00	72.00	48.00	72.00	48.00

水平 Level	总施肥量 The amount of fertilizer	底肥 Base fertilizer	伸蔓期 Vine stage	开花坐果期 Anthesis and fruit stage	膨果初期 The early expanding stage
N1	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00	0.00
N2	80.00	24.00	16.00	24.00	16.00
N3	160.00	58.00	32.00	58.00	32.00
N4	240.00	72.00	48.00	72.00	48.00

灌水量水平 Amounts of irrigation water	施氮量水平 Amounts of nitrogenous fertilizer	伸蔓期 Vine stage	开花坐果期 Anthesis and fruit stage	膨瓜期 Expanding stage	成熟期 Maturation stage
W1	N1	42.57±3.94c	53.52±2.64b	57.98±4.49b	59.62±5.64c
	N2	43.00±2.94bc	53.75±3.08b	58.05±6.39b	60.20±6.41bc
	N3	44.29±4.31ab	55.36±2.43ab	59.79±5.34ab	62.01±5.59ab
	N4	44.72±5.30ab	55.90±4.15ab	60.37±3.41a	62.61±6.62ab
W2	N1	42.60±2.06c	53.74±6.08b	58.04±2.66b	60.19±3.85bc
	N2	43.43±4.71bc	54.29±3.67b	58.63±6.37b	60.80±4.74bc
	N3	44.73±2.08ab	55.92±2.16ab	60.39±4.57a	62.63±3.33ab
	N4	45.17±3.33a	56.46±4.59a	61.08±3.64a	63.86±4.38a
W3	N1	43.42±4.00b	54.28±6.56b	58.62±5.01b	60.79±4.61bc
	N2	44.36±2.69ab	54.83±7.34b	59.21±4.40ab	61.40±5.06b
	N3	45.18±5.30a	56.47±4.31a	60.98±5.45a	63.23±7.31a
	N4	45.61±2.86a	57.02±5.55a	61.14±6.47a	63.25±5.42a

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