华北农学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (4): 162-169. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194788

所属专题: 番茄 土壤肥料 蔬菜专题

• 资源环境·植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

化肥减施下磷肥运筹对越冬长茬番茄生长和磷利用率的影响

邓鹏志, 袁硕, 唐继伟, 冀宏杰, 张怀志, 黄绍文   

  1. 中国农业科学院 农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京 100081
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-03 出版日期:2024-08-27
  • 通讯作者:
    张怀志(1968—),男,江苏连云港人,研究员,博士,主要从事施肥与环境、农业信息技术(数字土壤制图)等研究。
  • 作者简介:

    邓鹏志(2000—),男,四川绵阳人,在读硕士,主要从事土壤改良研究。

  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-23-B04); “十三五”国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0201001); “十三五”国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0801006)

Effect of Different Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Pattern on the Growth and Phosphorus Fertilizer Utilization of Long-season Tomato in Greenhouse under Reduced Fertilizer Application

DENG Pengzhi, YUAN Shuo, TANG Jiwei, JI Hongjie, ZHANG Huaizhi, HUANG Shaowen   

  1. Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planting,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081,China
  • Received:2024-01-03 Published:2024-08-27

摘要:

为探究高量施肥地区化肥氮磷钾同步减施条件下,磷肥减施比例以及磷肥运筹方式对番茄产量、化肥磷利用率和土壤肥力水平的影响,试验于河北省定兴县日光温室,种植越冬长茬番茄,共设计6个处理,其中PB2处理化肥磷全部基施,其他减施处理化肥磷采用“基施+追施”运筹模式,分别是:农户常规施肥(CF,N-P2O5-K2O为1 009.5-774.0-1 458.0 kg/hm2)、化肥磷减施1(P1,N-P2O5-K2O为750.0-375.0-1 125.0 kg/hm2)、化肥磷减施2(PB2,N-P2O5-K2O为750.0-225.0-1 125.0 kg/hm2)、化肥磷减施3(PT2,N-P2O5-K2O为750.0-225.0-1 125.0 kg/hm2)、化肥磷减施4(P3,N-P2O5-K2O为750.0-75.0-1 125.0 kg/hm2)、化肥磷减施5(P4,N-P2O5-K2O为750.0-0.0-1 125.0 kg/hm2)。研究表明,3 a间PT2处理与常规施肥处理相比产量平均增加12.0%,增幅最高。P1、PB2和PT2处理连续3 a减施后根系干质量增幅明显,植株化肥磷利用率、化肥磷收获指数和化肥磷农学利用效率显著提升;PT2处理根冠与CF处理相比,平均增加48.2%,化肥磷利用率、化肥磷收获指数分别平均高32.9,2.7百分点,农学利用率较CF处理提升9.02倍,在所有减施处理中最高。土壤硝态氮、速效钾和速效磷含量较CF处理3 a间分别平均降低了8.2%~14.9%,4.4%~19.9%,7.3%~24.8%。综上,在过量施用化肥的设施菜地,化肥减施35.2%(其中化肥磷减施70.9%)不会降低作物产量,化肥磷采用“基施+追施”运筹模式番茄产量也较全部基施有所提高,一定程度上降低了土壤速效磷含量并增加了化肥磷肥利用率。

关键词: 番茄, 磷肥, 产量, 肥料利用率, 土壤速效养分

Abstract:

Abstract:To explore the effects of phosphorus fertilizer reduction ratio and phosphorus fertilizer management method on tomato yield,phosphorus utilization rate and soil fertility level under simultaneous reduction of chemical fertilizer nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in high fertilizer application areas,an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse located in Dingxing County,Hebei Province.Overwintered long-season tomato was chosen as the experimental plant.Treatments included CF(N-P2O5-K2O,1 009.5-774.0-1 458.0 kg/ha),P1(N-P2O5-K2O,750.0-375.0-1 125.0 kg/ha),PB2(N-P2O5-K2O,750.0-225.0-1 125.0 kg/ha),PT2(N-P2O5-K2O,750.0-225.0-1 125.0 kg/ha),P3(N-P2O5-K2O,750.0-75.0-1 125.0 kg/ha)and P4(N-P2O5-K2O,750.0-0.0-1 125.0 kg/ha).Fertilizer phosphorus was applied basally in the PB2 treatment,and the other fertilizer-reduced treatment fertilizer phosphorus was applied in a "Basal dressing and topdressing" method.The result showed that compared to CF,tomato yield of PT2 treatment over the three-year period revealed an average increase of 12.0%,with the highest increase.After three years of fertilizer reduction,the root dry weight of P1,PB2 and PT2 significantly increased,along with improvements in the chemical phosphorus fertilizer utilization rate,phosphorus fertilizer agronomic utilization rate,and the chemical phosphorus fertilizer harvest index.Compared to CF,PT2 treatment resulted in an increase in root shoot ratio of 48.2%, phosphorus fertilizer recovery rate and phosphorus fertilizer harvest index increased by an average of 32.9 and 2.7 percent points, phosphorus fertilizer agronomic utilization rate was 9.02 times higher than that of CF.PT2 treatment was the highest among all fertilizer reduction treatments.Compared to the CF treatment,soil $NO_3^{-}$-N,Available P and Available K contents were reduced by an average of 8.2%—14.9%,4.4%—19.9%,and 7.3%—24.8%,respectively,over the three-year period.In conclusion,a 35.2% reduction in chemical fertilizer,which included a 70.9% decrease in chemical phosphorus fertilizer,did not have a negative impact on yield in greenhouses with excessive fertilizer use.Additionally,the combination of "Basal dressing and topdressing" method for phosphate management enhances tomato yield in comparison to basal dressing alone.This method also reduces available phosphorus content and increases the efficiency of chemical phosphorus fertilizer utilization.

Key words: Tomato, Phosphorus fertilizer, Yield, Fertilizer utilization efficiency, Soil available nutrient

引用本文

邓鹏志, 袁硕, 唐继伟, 冀宏杰, 张怀志, 黄绍文. 化肥减施下磷肥运筹对越冬长茬番茄生长和磷利用率的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2024, 39(4): 162-169. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194788.

DENG Pengzhi, YUAN Shuo, TANG Jiwei, JI Hongjie, ZHANG Huaizhi, HUANG Shaowen. Effect of Different Phosphorus Fertilizer Application Pattern on the Growth and Phosphorus Fertilizer Utilization of Long-season Tomato in Greenhouse under Reduced Fertilizer Application[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(4): 162-169. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194788.