摘要：

为探讨钙肥和ARC生物菌剂对低钙红壤旱地的改良效应,以花生品种湘花522为试材,设置2个氢氧化钙水平(0,750 kg/hm²,代号Ca₀、Ca₅₀)、3个ARC菌剂水平(0,30,60 kg/hm²,代号A₀、A₂、A₄),共6个处理开展盆栽试验,在花生苗期、花针期、结荚期、饱果成熟期测定0~20 cm耕作层土壤养分、土壤酶活性,收获时测定荚果经济性状及产量。结果表明,单施钙肥及钙与ARC菌剂配施能显著提高各生育时期土壤pH值,而ARC菌剂对其影响小。与CK(Ca₀A₀)相比,Ca₅₀A₂和Ca₅₀A₄显著提高全生育期土壤水解性氮含量和前3个时期土壤有效磷含量;Ca₅₀A₄土壤速效钾含量总体高于CK,且在苗期和结荚期差异达显著水平;Ca₅₀A₀较CK显著提高4个时期土壤交换性钙含量,增幅23.78%~56.21%;施钙处理下土壤钙离子含量显著高于未施钙处理(花针期不显著),且受ARC菌剂影响小;全生育期土壤有机质含量总体稳定,但Ca₅₀A₄、Ca₅₀A₂在各生育时期显著高于CK。土壤蔗糖酶活性各处理在4个时期较CK均有显著提高,且以Ca₅₀A₄增幅最大,为50.79%~162.56%;土壤蛋白酶活性以Ca₅₀A₂在4个时期显著提高,增幅26.58%~244.63%;土壤酸性磷酸酶活性以Ca₅₀A₄、Ca₀A₂在全生育期均有显著提升;各处理土壤过氧化氢酶活性整体呈降低趋势。各处理能不同程度增加花生荚果产量,施钙的增产效应大于ARC菌剂,其中Ca₅₀A₄增产效果最好,单株果质量增幅达12.29%,主要是提高了单株总果数和饱果数。综上,钙肥和ARC生物菌剂配施对提升土壤有效养分含量、激发土壤酶活性、增加花生产量有良好互作效应,且以750 kg/hm²钙肥+60 kg/hm² ARC菌剂(Ca₅₀A₄)效果最好,可为花生绿色高产栽培提供理论依据。

关键词: 花生, 钙, ARC菌剂, 土壤养分, 土壤酶活性, 产量

Abstract:

In order to explore the improvement effect of calcium fertilizer and ARC microbial agent on red earth dry land with low-calcium,the peanut variety Xianghua 522 was used as the experimental material,and two levels of calcium hydroxide fertilizer(0,750 kg/ha,code Ca₀ and Ca₅₀)and three levels of ARC microbial agent(0,30,60 kg/ha,code A₀,A₂ and A₄)were set to form six treatments to carry out pot experiment.It measured soil nutrient and soil enzyme activity in 0—20 cm arable layer soil at peanut seedling stage,flowering stage,pod setting stage and pod filling stage,and pod economic characters and yield were measured at harvest.The results showed that:single application of calcium fertilizer and the combined application of calcium fertilizer and ARC microbial agent could significantly improve the pH of soil at all growth stages,but ARC microbial agent had little effect on it.Compared with CK(Ca₀A₀),Ca₅₀A₂ and Ca₅₀A₄ significantly increased the content of hydrolyzable nitrogen in soil in the whole stage and the content of available phosphorus in soil in the first three growth stages;the content of available potassium in soil of Ca₅₀A₄ was higher than CK in general,and it was significant at seedling stage and pod setting stage;compared with CK,Ca₅₀A₀ significantly increased the content of exchangeable calcium in soil in four stages,with an increase of 23.78%—56.21%;the content of calcium ion in soil with calcium fertilizer application was significantly higher than that without calcium fertilizer application(the flowering stage was not significant),and it was little affected by ARC microbial agent;the content of organic matter in soil remained stable in the whole growth stage,but Ca₅₀A₄ and Ca₅₀A₂ were significantly higher than CK in each growth stage.Compared with CK,the soil sucrase activity of soil each treatment was significantly increased in four stages,and the increase was the largest in Ca₅₀A₄,ranging from 50.79% to 162.56%;the protease activity of soil was significantly increased by Ca₅₀A₂ in four stages with an increase of 26.58%—244.63%;the acid phosphatase activity of soil was significantly increased by Ca₅₀A₄ and Ca₀A₂ during the whole growth stage;the catalase activity of soil in all treatments showed a decreasing trend in general.All treatments could increase the yield of peanut pod in different degrees,and the effect of calcium fertilizer application was greater than that of ARC microbial agent,among which Ca₅₀A₄ had the best effect,with the pod weight per plant increasing by 12.29%,mainly increased the pod number per plant and the full pod number per plant.To sum up,the combined application of calcium fertilizer and ARC microbial agent has a good interaction effect on improving soil nutrient content,stimulating soil enzyme activity and increasing peanut yield,and the best effect is 750 kg/ha calcium fertilizer+60 kg/ha ARC microbial agent(Ca₅₀A₄),which can provide a theoretical basis for green and high yield cultivation of peanut.

Key words: Peanut, Calcium, ARC microbial agent, Soil nutrient, Soil enzyme activity, Yield