免耕覆秸对农田黑土养分和酶活性化学计量特征的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20195111

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探究黑土区保护性耕作技术对土壤养分和酶活性等指标及生态化学计量特征的影响。采用3 a定位试验的方法,以翻耕(A-A)为对照,研究旋耕(B-B)、常规免耕(C-C)、原茬免耕覆秸(0-0)处理下黑土全量养分(土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷含量)和β-D-葡萄糖苷酶(βG)、亮氨酸氨基肽酶(LAP)、N-1,4-乙酰氨基葡萄糖苷酶(NAG)、酸性磷酸酶(ACP)活性及其生态化学计量特征值的变化。结果表明:原茬免耕覆秸较翻耕显著增加了土壤有机碳、全氮、全磷含量;除C/N外,原茬免耕覆秸C/P、N/P均高于翻耕。旋耕和常规免耕的土壤有机碳和全氮含量较翻耕相对减少,C/N、C/P、N/P值均在第2年显著降低。与翻耕相比,原茬免耕覆秸处理下4种酶活性均显著提高,旋耕ACP和βG在第3年比翻耕分别显著提高了22.05%,50.00%。旋耕、常规免耕和原茬免耕覆秸均显著增加了土壤酶C/P。供试耕作方式下土壤酶活性的矢量角度均小于45°,表明该试验区土壤微生物可能受到N的限制;酶矢量长度随年限增加明显提高,表明受C限制的程度增强。主成分、灰色关联度及相关性分析的结果显示,免耕覆秸对于土壤养分含量和酶活性影响最为显著。综上,原茬免耕覆秸技术措施对活化土壤养分和酶活性以及维持土壤生态的稳定具有良好的改善效果。

关键词: 农田黑土, 免耕, 覆秸, 土壤养分, 土壤酶活性, 生态化学计量特征

Abstract:

In order to investigate the effects of conservation tillage techniques on soil nutrient and enzyme activity indicators,as well as ecological stoichiometry characteristics in black soil areas,this study used a 3-year positioning experiment method,with tillage (A-A) as the control,to investigate the changes in total nutrients soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen (TN),total phosphorus(TP) and enzyme activities of β-D-glucosidase(βG),leucine aminopeptidase(LAP),N-1,4-acetylglucosidase(NAG),acid phosphatase(ACP)and their ecological stoichiometry characteristics in black soil under rotary tillage (B-B),conventional no tillage (C-C),and no tillage and straw mulching with original crop (0-0) treatments.The results showed that no tillage with straw mulching significantly increased soil SOC,TN,and TP content compared to tillage;except for C/N,the C/P and N/P ratios of straw mulching in no tillage with straw mulching were higher than those in tillage.The soil SOC and TN content of rotary tillage and conventional no tillage were relatively reduced compared to tillage,while the C/N,C/N,and N:P values all significantly increased in the second year.Compared with tillage,the activities of four enzymes were significantly increased under the no tillage and straw mulching treatment.In the third year,rotary tillage significantly increased ACP and βG by 22.05% and 50.00%,respectively,compared with tillage.Rotary tillage,conventional no tillage,and no tillage with straw mulching all significantly increased soil enzyme C/P.The vector angles of soil enzyme activity under the tested cultivation methods were all less than 45 degrees,indicating that soil microorganisms in the experimental area may be limited by N;the length of enzyme vector increased significantly with age,indicating an increased degree of restriction by C.The results of principal component analysis,grey relational analysis,and correlation analysis showed that no tillage with straw mulching had the most significant impact on soil nutrient content and enzyme activity.In summary,the no tillage and straw mulching with original crop technology measures have a good improvement effect on activating soil nutrients and enzyme activity,as well as maintaining soil ecological stability.

Key words: Agricultural black soil, No-tillage, Straw mulching, Soil nutrients, Soil enzyme activity, Ecological stoichiometric characterization

王紫颖, 车延静, 白雪燕, 冯景翊, 张伟健, 何婉莹, 谷思玉. 免耕覆秸对农田黑土养分和酶活性化学计量特征的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2025, 40(2): 107-116. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195111.

WANG Ziying, CHE Yanjing, BAI Xueyan, FENG Jingyi, ZHANG Weijian, HE Wanying, GU Siyu. Effects of No-tillage Straw Mulching on the Stoichiometric Characteristics of Nutrients and Enzyme Activities in Black Soils of Agricultural Fields[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2025, 40(2): 107-116. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20195111.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2025/V40/I2/107

图/表 12

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处理 Treatment	2020		2021
处理 Treatment	矢量长度 Vector L	矢量角度/° Vector A	矢量长度 Vector L	矢量角度/° Vector A
A-A	1.24±0.02ab	42.21±0.77a	1.26±0.02c	42.53±1.23a
B-B	1.23±0.00b	42.00±0.31a	1.30±0.01b	42.54±0.32a
C-C	1.27±0.01a	41.97±0.33a	1.19±0.00d	41.70±0.17a
0-0	1.25±0.01ab	41.77±0.22a	1.32±0.01a	41.44±0.11a

处理 Treatment	2020		2021
处理 Treatment	矢量长度 Vector L	矢量角度/° Vector A	矢量长度 Vector L	矢量角度/° Vector A
A-A	1.24±0.02ab	42.21±0.77a	1.26±0.02c	42.53±1.23a
B-B	1.23±0.00b	42.00±0.31a	1.30±0.01b	42.54±0.32a
C-C	1.27±0.01a	41.97±0.33a	1.19±0.00d	41.70±0.17a
0-0	1.25±0.01ab	41.77±0.22a	1.32±0.01a	41.44±0.11a

指标 Indicators	SOC	TN	TP	BG	LAP	NAG	ACP	C/N	C/P	N/P	酶C/N Enzyme C/N	酶C/P Enzyme C/P	酶N/P Enzyme N/P
SOC	1.00
TN	0.91^***	1.00
TP	0.69^*	0.84^***	1.00
BG	-0.17	-0.45	-0.38	1.00
LAP	0.44	0.57	0.25	-0.65^*	1.00
NAG	0.30	0.56	0.48	-0.71^**	0.71^*	1.00
ACP	0.41	0.67^*	0.58^*	-0.93^***	0.68^*	0.80^**	1.00
C/N	0.64^*	0.34	0.13	0.31	-0.08	-0.31	-0.19	1.00
C/P	0.95^***	0.76^**	0.42	-0.01	0.41	0.14	0.23	0.76^**	1.00
N/P	0.86	0.85	0.54	-0.31	0.69	0.49	0.51	0.26	0.82	1.00
酶C/N	-0.23	-0.51	-0.43	0.99^***	-0.66^*	-0.75^**	-0.97^***	0.28	-0.07	-0.37	1.00
Enzyme C/N
酶C/P	-0.18	-0.45	-0.35	0.86^***	-0.77^**	-0.93^***	-0.86^***	0.32	-0.05	-0.36	0.88^***	1.00
Enzyme C/P
酶N/P	0.14	0.27	0.12	-0.28	0.66^*	0.79^**	0.32	-0.24	0.10	0.37	-0.29	-0.69^*	1.00
Enzyme N/P

指标 Indicators	SOC	TN	TP	BG	LAP	NAG	ACP	C/N	C/P	N/P	酶C/N Enzyme C/N	酶C/P Enzyme C/P	酶N/P Enzyme N/P
SOC	1.00
TN	0.91^***	1.00
TP	0.69^*	0.84^***	1.00
BG	-0.17	-0.45	-0.38	1.00
LAP	0.44	0.57	0.25	-0.65^*	1.00
NAG	0.30	0.56	0.48	-0.71^**	0.71^*	1.00
ACP	0.41	0.67^*	0.58^*	-0.93^***	0.68^*	0.80^**	1.00
C/N	0.64^*	0.34	0.13	0.31	-0.08	-0.31	-0.19	1.00
C/P	0.95^***	0.76^**	0.42	-0.01	0.41	0.14	0.23	0.76^**	1.00
N/P	0.86	0.85	0.54	-0.31	0.69	0.49	0.51	0.26	0.82	1.00
酶C/N	-0.23	-0.51	-0.43	0.99^***	-0.66^*	-0.75^**	-0.97^***	0.28	-0.07	-0.37	1.00
Enzyme C/N
酶C/P	-0.18	-0.45	-0.35	0.86^***	-0.77^**	-0.93^***	-0.86^***	0.32	-0.05	-0.36	0.88^***	1.00
Enzyme C/P
酶N/P	0.14	0.27	0.12	-0.28	0.66^*	0.79^**	0.32	-0.24	0.10	0.37	-0.29	-0.69^*	1.00
Enzyme N/P

指标 Indicators	SOC	TN	TP	BG	LAP	NAG	ACP	C/N	C/P	N/P	酶C/N Enzyme C/N	酶C/P Enzyme C/P	酶N/P Enzyme N/P
SOC	1.00
TN	0.67^*	1.00
TP	0.30	0.56	1.00
BG	0.45	0.49	0.81^**	1.00
LAP	-0.58^*	-0.27	-0.36	-0.33	1.00
NAG	0.30	0.40	0.73^**	0.68^*	-0.23	1.00
ACP	0.32	0.30	0.66^*	0.80^**	-0.33	0.80^**	1.00
C/N	0.25	-0.53	-0.37	-0.09	-0.30	-0.21	-0.01	1.00
C/P	0.69^*	0.22	-0.46	-0.17	-0.25	-0.26	-0.19	0.49	1.00
N/P	0.54	0.69^*	-0.20	-0.11	-0.01	-0.12	-0.23	-0.29	0.67^*	1.00
酶C/N	0.47	0.50	0.76^**	0.97^***	-0.30	0.55	0.65^*	-0.08	-0.11	-0.05	1.00
Enzyme C/N
酶C/P	0.39	0.27	0.29	0.53	-0.40	-0.21	0.17	0.11	0.15	0.06	0.60^*	1.00
Enzyme C/P
酶N/P	0.05	0.29	0.46	0.34	0.18	0.84^***	0.42	-0.33	-0.29	-0.05	0.27	-0.57	1.00
Enzyme N/P

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