摘要：

为了研究腐植酸在葡萄上的应用方法,探明腐植酸等碳替代有机肥的最佳比例,连续2 a采用小区试验以纯化肥施肥模式为对照(CK处理),在农民习惯施肥(FFP处理)的基础上,设置3个腐植酸等碳替代有机肥比例:10%碳量替代(T1处理)、20%碳量替代(T2处理)、30%碳量替代(T3处理),研究其对葡萄产量、品质、土壤养分等指标的影响,采用主因素分析的方法筛选最佳的替代比例。结果表明,连续2 a T2处理的产量最高,但与T3处理无显著差异。T1、T2、T3处理单穗质量和单粒质量显著高于CK处理,但与FFP处理无显著差异;综合来看,腐植酸替代有机肥处理的可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可滴定酸、维生素C含量均优于其他处理。通过相关性分析可知,土壤速效钾、有机质、酸性磷酸酶与葡萄产量呈极显著正相关。土壤有效磷、速效钾、有机质、酸性磷酸酶均与葡萄的可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、维生素C含量呈极显著正相关,说明腐植酸等碳替代有机肥是通过调控上述土壤指标以实现葡萄增产提质;通过主因素分析可知,2019,2020年均有2个特征值大于1的主因素,2个主因素方差累积贡献率达到88.864%~91.470%,且T2处理连续2 a综合得分最高。综合来看,采用腐植酸等碳量替代20%的有机肥为最佳比例。

关键词: 葡萄, 腐植酸, 有机肥, 产量, 品质, 土壤养分

Abstract:

In order to study the application method of humic acid on grapes and find out the optimal proportion of carbon such as humic acid instead of organic fertilizer,the plot experiment was carried out with simple chemical fertilizer fertilization mode as control(CK treatment)for two consecutive years.Based on farmers' fertilizer practice(FFP treatment),3 ratios of carbon such as humic acid instead of organic fertilizer were set:10% carbon substitution(T1 treatment),20% carbon substitution(T2 treatment)and 30% carbon substitution(T3 treatment).Their effects on grape yield,quality and soil nutrients were studied,and the optimal substitution ratio was screened by principal factor analysis.The results showed that the yield of T2 treatment was the highest for two consecutive years,but there was no significant difference between T2 and T3 treatment.Single cluster weight and single fruit weight in T1,T2,T3 treatments were significantly higher than those in CK treatment,but there was no significant difference between FFP treatment and T1,T2,T3 treatments;on the whole,the contents of soluble solids,soluble sugar,titratable acid and vitamin C in humic acid treatment instead of organic fertilizer were better than those in other treatments.Through correlation analysis,soil available potassium,organic matter and acid phosphatase were positively correlated with grape yield.Available phosphorus,available potassium,organic matter and acid phosphatase in soil were very significantly correlated with soluble solids,soluble sugar and vitamin C content of grape.Regulation of these soil indexes was the way to increase grape yield and quality by replacing organic fertilizer with humic acid;through principal factor analysis,there were 2 principal factors with eigenvalue greater than 1 in 2019 and 2020,the cumulative contribution rate of variance of 2 principal factors reached 88.864%-91.470%,and T2 treatment was the highest comprehensive score for two consecutive years.On the whole,carbon such as humic acid instead of 20% organic fertilizer was the optimal proportion.

Key words: Grapes, Humic acid, Organic fertilizer, Yield, Quality, Soil nutrients