摘要：

为探讨施用生物炭对梨园土壤理化性质的改良作用以及对黄冠梨果实品质的持续影响,在河北省晋州市黄冠梨试验基地进行连续4 a的定位试验,以不施用生物炭处理为对照(CK),设置生物炭0.45(B1),0.90(B2),1.35(B3),1.80 kg/m²(B4)4个处理,研究不同用量生物炭对土壤有机质、硝态氮、速效磷、速效钾、电导率以及pH值的影响,并探究对黄冠梨成熟期果实品质的影响(如可溶性总糖、可滴定酸、硬度、可溶性固形物、单果质量),为河北省黄冠梨园的高效施肥提供依据。连续4 a施用生物炭使土壤硝态氮含量显著降低,土壤表层(0~20 cm)的有机质含量、速效磷、速效钾及pH值有所上升,且生物炭对表层(0~20 cm)的影响大于20~40 cm土层。在B3处理时对土壤养分的改良效果最佳。对黄冠梨果实品质的可溶性固形物含量的影响呈上升趋势,可滴定酸呈下降趋势,B2、B3处理对黄冠梨品质的差异不显著。综合分析生物炭用量对土壤理化性质和梨果品质的影响,以0.90~1.35 kg/m²为适宜施用量,考虑生物炭的经济成本,本试验条件下推荐用量为0.90 kg/m²。

关键词: 黄冠梨, 生物炭, 土壤养分, 果实品质

Abstract:

In order to explore the effect of applying biochar on the improvement of soil physical and chemical properties in pear orchards and the continuous impact on the fruit quality of Huangguan pear,the positioning experiments for four consecutive years were conducted to provide theories and technologies support for rational and efficient fertilization in Huangguan pear orchards in Hebei Province.The experiment was carried out in the Huangguan pear experimental base in Jinzhou City,Hebei Province.Taking the treatment without biochar as the control(CK),the application of 0.45(B1),0.90(B2),1.35(B3),1.80 kg/m²(B4)4 treatments were used to study the effects of different amounts of biochar on soil organic matter,nitrate nitrogen,available phosphorus,available potassium,electrical conductivity and pH,and explored the effects on fruit quality(such as total soluble sugar,titratable acid,firmness,soluble solids,and single fruit weight)of Huangguan pear during ripening.The application of biochar for four consecutive years significantly reduced the soil nitrate nitrogen content,and increased the contents of organic matter,available phosphorus,available potassium and pH in the surface layer(0-20 cm),and the effect on the surface layer(0-20 cm)was greater than that in the 20-40 cm soil layer.B3 treatment had the best improvement effect on soil nutrients.The influence of soluble solid content on the fruit quality of Huangguan pear showed an increasing trend,and titrable acid showed a decreasing trend.There was no significant difference between B2 and B3 treatments on the quality of Huangguan pear.Considering the long-term cumulative effect of soil and the economic cost of biochar,0.90-1.35 kg/m² biochar application rate was recommended as the appropriate application rate.Combined with the analysis of the effects of the amount of biochar on the soil physicochemical properties and pear quality,under this test condition the recommended amount of biochar was 0.90 kg/m².

Key words: Huangguan pear, Biochar, Soil nutrients, Fruit quality