华北农学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 121-129. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193751

所属专题: 玉米 土壤肥料

• 资源环境·植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

施氮对土壤养分特征及夏玉米养分吸收利用的影响

郭丽1,3, 王广恩2, 李义红1,3, 史建硕1,3, 王丽英1,3, 李东晓4, 蒋龙刚1,3   

  1. 1 河北省农林科学院 农业资源环境研究所,河北 石家庄 050051
    2 河北省农林科学院 棉花研究所,河北 石家庄 050051
    3 河北省肥料技术创新中心,河北 石家庄 050051
    4 河北农业大学,河北 保定 071001
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-08 出版日期:2023-06-28
  • 通讯作者:
    王广恩(1976-),男,河北衡水人,副研究员,主要从事作物栽培学与耕作学研究。
  • 作者简介:

    郭 丽(1979-),女,河北饶阳人,副研究员,博士,主要从事作物栽培学研究。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研究计划(2021YFD1901002); 河北省农林科学院基本科研业务费(2021130202)

Effect of Nitrogen on Nutrient Distribution in Soil and Nutrient Accumulation and Utilization in Summer Maize

GUO Li1,3, WANG Guangen2, LI Yihong1,3, SHI Jianshuo1,3, WANG Liying1,3, LI Dongxiao4, JIANG Longgang1,3   

  1. 1 Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050051,China
    2 Institute of Cotton,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050051,China
    3 Hebei Fertilizer Technology Innovation Center,Shijiazhuang 050051,China
    4 Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China
  • Received:2022-10-08 Published:2023-06-28

摘要:

为明确氮素供应对土壤养分特征及夏玉米氮、磷、钾养分吸收利用差异的影响。在上茬冬小麦施氮量240 kg/hm2的大田条件下,夏玉米季设置4 个施氮水平(N0:不施氮;N1:90 kg/hm2;N2:195 kg/hm2;N3:300 kg/hm2),以仓玉76品种为材料,通过对地上部茎秆、叶片、穗轴干质量、土壤速效养分、植株不同器官氮磷钾含量及累积量、氮素利用效率和籽粒产量的测定与计算,研究施氮量对不同性状的影响及相关关系。结果表明:在施氮0~195 kg/hm2,茎、叶、穗轴干质量随氮量增加而上升;增加施氮量显著提高0~20 cm,20~40 cm的土壤硝态氮含量;相同土层速效磷、钾影响无显著变化。不同施氮量下,茎、叶、穗轴和籽粒的氮含量、植株氮累积量存在显著差异,其中籽粒氮累积量占植株地上部氮素总累积量的59.4%~63.5%;施氮量对茎、叶、穗轴和籽粒的磷钾含量影响较小,植株磷钾累积量受干质量的正调控;氮素投入超过195 kg/hm2,氮肥农学效率显著降低。采用直线加平台模型模拟产量与施氮量的关系表明,施氮量高于189 kg/hm2,籽粒产量不再增加。因此,兼顾经济效益与农业生态效益,结合试验和模型模拟结果,最优氮素投入量控制在189~195 kg/hm2

关键词: 夏玉米, 氮素, 土壤养分特征, 养分, 吸收利用

Abstract:

To determine the effects of different nitrogen levels on soil nutrient characteristics and on the differences in nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium uptake and utilization of summer maize,a field experiment had been conducted at four nitrogen rates(N0:No nitrogen application;N1:90 kg/ha;N2:195 kg/ha;N3:300 kg/ha)following nitrogen application of 240 kg/ha on preceding winter wheat.The experimental material Cangyu 76 was used to research the effects of nitrogen application rate on different characters of growth indicators and their correlation.The results showed that the dry matter weight of stem,leaf and corn crobs increased with the increase of nitrogen application ranged in 0-195 kg/ha.Soil nitrate N content in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layers increased significantly with increasing N application rate;but the content of available P and available K in the same soil layer had no significant change.There were significant differences in nitrogen concentration and nitrogen accumulation in stems,leaves,corn cobs and grains under different nitrogen application rates,in which nitrogen accumulation in seeds accounted for 59.4%-63.5% of total nitrogen accumulation in above-ground parts of plants.The P and K contents in stems,leaves,corn crobs and grains had little change under nitrogen application rate,but was positively regulated by dry matter weight.When N input exceeded 195 kg/ha,nitrogen agronomic efficiency was decreased significantly.When the nitrogen rate was higher than 189 kg/ha,grain yield would be not increased,which was evaluated by Linear plus platform model that simulate the relationship between yield and nitrogen application rate.Therefore,combined with experimental and model simulation results,the optimal nitrogen input was controlled within the range of 189-195 kg/ha,which could realize both economic benefits and agroecological benefits.

Key words: Summer maize, Nitrogen, Soil nutrient characteristics, Nutrients, Absorption and utilization

引用本文

郭丽, 王广恩, 李义红, 史建硕, 王丽英, 李东晓, 蒋龙刚. 施氮对土壤养分特征及夏玉米养分吸收利用的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2023, 38(3): 121-129. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193751.

GUO Li, WANG Guangen, LI Yihong, SHI Jianshuo, WANG Liying, LI Dongxiao, JIANG Longgang. Effect of Nitrogen on Nutrient Distribution in Soil and Nutrient Accumulation and Utilization in Summer Maize[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2023, 38(3): 121-129. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20193751.

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