摘要：

为了探究晋南复播区冬小麦—夏油葵一年两熟种植模式下,施用氮磷钾肥对油用向日葵(油葵)产量及各养分利用效率的影响,于2019—2021年,在临汾市以临葵4号为材料开展田间小区肥料试验,设置氮磷钾(NPK)、无氮(PK)、无磷(NK)、无钾(NP)4个施肥处理,分析不同施肥处理对N、P、K肥的产量反应、农学效率及肥料利用率等的影响。结果表明,NPK处理油葵 3 a 平均产量为3 634 kg/hm²(3 502~3 818 kg/hm²),较PK、NK、NP处理分别增产19.6%,12.1%和13.7%,其中PK处理产量最低。N、P、K的产量反应分别为588.8(481.0~704.7 kg/hm²),391.8(296.0~488.7 kg/hm²),438.2 kg/hm²(329.3~629.7 kg/hm²);农学效率分别为3.8(2.8~4.9 kg/kg),3.1(2.1~4.1 kg/kg),2.9 kg/kg(2.2~4.2 kg/kg);氮、磷、钾素的地上部积累量分别为174.4(172.5~176.8 kg/hm²),60.0(58.3~61.8 kg/hm²),241.1 kg/hm²(236.2~246.8 kg/hm²);氮、磷、钾肥的养分利用率分别为36.3%(36.0%~36.7%),15.7%(15.3%~16.2%)和47.1%(46.0%~47.9%),其中,钾>氮>磷。因此,施用氮磷钾肥可显著增加油葵产量,且显著提高植株地上部养分的积累;在氮、磷、钾等3种大量元素肥料中,施用氮肥增产最多,油葵地上部分对钾吸收量最多,利用率最高。因此,生产中既要注重氮、磷、钾合理配施,同时氮和钾还要以种肥+追肥的方式补充。

关键词: 油用向日葵, 氮、磷、钾肥, 养分利用率, 晋南复播区

Abstract:

In order to study the effect of applying N,P and K fertilizer on the yield and nutrient use efficiency of oil sunflower under the double cropping pattern of winter wheat-summer oil sunflower in Southern Shanxi,a field plot fertilizer experiment was carried out with Linkui 4 from 2019 to 2021.Four fertilization treatments including NPK,PK,NK and NP were set up.The effects of different fertilization treatments on yield response,agronomic efficiency and fertilizer use efficiency of N,P,K were analyzed.The results showed that the three-year average yield of oil sunflower treated with NPK was 3 634 kg/ha(3 502—3 818 kg/ha),which was 19.6%,12.1%,13.7% higher than that of PK/NK/NP,respectively.PK treatment had the lowest yield.The average yield responses of N,P and K fertilizers were 588.8(481.0—704.7 kg/ha),391.8(296.0—488.7 kg/ha),438.2 kg/ha(329.3—629.7 kg/ha),respectively.The agronomic efficiencies of N,P and K were 3.8(2.8—4.9 kg/kg),3.1(2.1—4.1 kg/kg),2.9 kg/kg(2.2—4.2 kg/kg),respectively.The aboveground accumulations of N,P and K were 174.4(172.5—176.8 kg/ha),60.0(58.3—61.8 kg/ha),241.1 kg/ha(236.2—246.8 kg/ha),respectively.The nutrient use efficiency of N,P,K was 36.3%(36.0%—36.7%),15.7%(15.3%—16.2%)and 47.1%(46.0%—47.9%),respectively,of which K>N>P.So the application of N,P and K fertilizer could not only significantly increase the oil sunflower yield but also the aboveground accumulation of N,P and K.Among the three kinds of NPK fertilizers,N increased the yield most,and K uptake by the aboveground part and utilization rate of oil sunflower was the highest.Therefore,in the production we should pay attention to the reasonable application of N,P and K,while N and K should be supplemented by seed fertilizer and topdressing.

Key words: Oil sunflower, NPK fertilizer, Nutrient use efficiency, Resowing area of Southern Shanxi