缓释氮肥施用量对玉米抽雄—吐丝期光合特性及干物质积累的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194736

华北农学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 126-135. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194736

所属专题： 玉米；土壤肥料；

• 资源环境・植物保护 • 上一篇下一篇

缓释氮肥施用量对玉米抽雄—吐丝期光合特性及干物质积累的影响

孟天天¹^,², 刘亚楠¹^,², 张向前²^,³, 路战远¹^,²^,³, 陈立宇², 李金龙⁴, 王伟妮⁵, 郝永河⁶

¹ 河北农业大学,河北保定 071001
² 内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特 010031
³ 内蒙古自治区退化农田生态修复与污染防治重点实验室,内蒙古呼和浩特 010031
⁴ 阿荣旗农业事业发展中心,内蒙古呼伦贝尔 162750
⁵ 鄂尔多斯市农牧业生态与资源保护中心,内蒙古鄂尔多斯 017000
⁶ 鄂尔多斯市农牧技术推广中心,内蒙古鄂尔多斯 017000

收稿日期:2023-12-18 出版日期:2024-04-28
通讯作者:
路战远(1964—),男,内蒙古赤峰人,研究员,博士,主要从事保护性耕作研究。
路战远(1964—),男,内蒙古赤峰人,研究员,博士,主要从事保护性耕作研究。
作者简介:
孟天天(1994—),女,内蒙古赤峰人,在读博士,主要从事土壤耕作与农业生态研究。
基金资助:
内蒙古农牧交错区黑土地保护性耕作关键技术研究与示范(2021GG0064); 内蒙古自治区“科技兴蒙”重点专项-黄河南岸灌区高标准农田灌排协同调控和耕地质量提升关键技术研究与示范(2021EEDSCXSFQZD011); 内蒙古自治区“科技兴蒙”重点专项-黄河南岸灌区高标准农田灌排协同调控和耕地质量提升关键技术研究与示范(2023年内蒙古自治区草原英才科技计划项目); 内蒙古自治区科技领军人才团队项目(2022LJRC0010)

Effects of Slow-release Nitrogen Application Rate on Daily Photosynthetic Characteristics and Dry Matter Accumulation of Maize During Spinning—Tasseling Stage

MENG Tiantian¹^,², LIU Yanan¹^,², ZHANG Xiangqian²^,³, LU Zhanyuan¹^,²^,³, CHEN Liyu², LI Jinlong⁴, WANG Weini⁵, HAO Yonghe⁶

¹ Hebei Agricultural University,Baoding 071001,China
² Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences,Hohhot 010031,China
³ Key Laboratory of Ecological Restoration and Pollution Prevention of Degraded Farmland of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,Hohhot 010031,China
⁴ Arong Banner Agricultural Development Center,Hulun Buir 162750, China
⁵ Erdos City Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Ecology and Resource Protection Center, Ordos 017000, China
⁶ Erdos Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Technology Extension Center, Ordos 017000, China

Received:2023-12-18 Published:2024-04-28

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明晰缓释氮肥不同施用量下玉米光合日变化特征及生长发育规律,利用光响应曲线拟合,以期为农牧交错区春玉米丰产栽培和氮肥高效利用提供理论依据。以广德5号为研究对象,在2018年长期定位试验基础上,于2019,2020年分别测定分析了玉米抽雄—吐丝期穗位叶在N 0(N0,CK),120(N8),180(N12),240 (N16),300(N20),360(N24) kg/hm² 6个氮肥梯度下的SPAD值、胞间二氧化碳浓度、气孔导度、净光合速率、蒸腾速率日变化、光响应曲线及干物质积累规律。2 a结果表明,随着氮肥施用量的增加,玉米穗位叶SPAD值和净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度日变化呈先增加后降低的趋势,均以N16处理最高,且胞间二氧化碳浓度最低。净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度日变化均呈单峰曲线变化趋势。光响应曲线拟合分析得出,N16处理的最大净光合速率最高,2019,2020年N16处理分别比N0、N8、N12、N20、N24处理提高37.48%,29.51%,31.85%,18.17%,37.32%和80.04%,59.73%,50.30%,6.42%,62.51%。全株干物质及穗部干物质积累与最大净光合速率、SPAD值呈极显著正相关。综合分析得出,内蒙古西部地区最适宜的氮肥施用量为240 kg/hm²。

关键词: 玉米, 光合日变化, 氮肥梯度, 光响应曲线, 抽雄—吐丝期, 干物质量

Abstract:

To clear under the condition of slow release nitrogen fertilizer applying different content of maize development rule of the diurnal change of photosynthetic characteristics and growth,the light response curve was to fit,so as to farming-pastoral zone of spring maize cultivation and nitrogen utilization to provide theoretical basis.This study took Guangde 5 as the research object,and based on the long-term positioning experiment in 2018,the leaves ear position in spinning—tasseling stage of maize were mesured and analyzed under six nitrogen gradient of N 0(N0,CK), 120(N8), 180(N12), 240(N16), 300(N20),360(N24) kg/ha in 2019 and 2020. SPAD value, intercellular carbon dioxide concentration, stomatal conductivity, diurnal variation of net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, light response curve and dry matter accumulation rule.The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application, the changes of SPAD value, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conduction degree day of maize increased first and then decreased,and N16 treatment was the highest,and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration was the lowest.The changes of net photosynthetic rate,transpiration rate and stomatal conduction degree day showed unimodal curve.The light response curve fitting analysis showed that the maximum net photosynthetic rate of N16 treatment was the highest.In 2019 and 2020,N16 treatments were 37.48%,29.51%,31.85%,18.17%,37.32% and 80.04%,59.73%,50.30%,6.42%,62.51% higher than N0,N8,N12,N20 and N24 treatments,respectively.Dry matter mass accumulation in whole plant and ear were positively correlated with maximum net photosynthetic rate,apparent quantum efficiency and SPAD value.Comprehensive analysis showed that the most suitable nitrogen fertilizer application rate in western Inner Mongolia was 240 kg/ha.

Key words: Maize, Diurnal variation of photosynthesis, Nitrogen gradient, Light response curves, Spinning—Tasseling stage, Mass of dry matter

孟天天, 刘亚楠, 张向前, 路战远, 陈立宇, 李金龙, 王伟妮, 郝永河. 缓释氮肥施用量对玉米抽雄—吐丝期光合特性及干物质积累的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2024, 39(2): 126-135. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194736.

MENG Tiantian, LIU Yanan, ZHANG Xiangqian, LU Zhanyuan, CHEN Liyu, LI Jinlong, WANG Weini, HAO Yonghe. Effects of Slow-release Nitrogen Application Rate on Daily Photosynthetic Characteristics and Dry Matter Accumulation of Maize During Spinning—Tasseling Stage[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(2): 126-135. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194736.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2024/V39/I2/126

图/表 10

图1 2019,2020年玉米生育期月降水量及月平均气温

Fig.1 Monthly precipitation and monthly mean temperature during maize growth period in 2019 and 2020

图2 2019,2020年不同氮肥梯度对抽雄—吐丝期叶绿素含量的影响不同字母表示处理间显著差异(P<0.05)。

Fig.2 Effects of different nitrogen gradients on chlorophyll content during spinning—tasseling stage in 2019 and 2020 Different letters indicate significant difference(P<0.05).

图3 2019,2020年不同氮肥梯度对抽雄—吐丝期净光合速率的影响

Fig.3 Effects of different nitrogen gradients on net photosynthetic rate during spinning—tasseling stage in 2019 and 2020

图4 2019,2020年不同氮肥梯度对抽雄—吐丝期胞间二氧化碳浓度日变化的影响

Fig.4 Effects of different nitrogen gradients on diurnal variation of intercellular carbon dioxide concentration during spinning—tasseling stage in 2019 and 2020

图5 2019,2020年不同氮肥梯度对抽雄—吐丝期蒸腾速率的影响

Fig.5 Effects of different nitrogen gradients on transpiration rate during spinning—tasseling stage in 2019 and 2020

图6 2019,2020年不同氮肥梯度对抽雄—吐丝期气孔导度的影响

Fig.6 Effects of different nitrogen gradients on stomatal conductance during spinning—tasseling stage in 2019 and 2020

图7 2019,2020年不同氮肥梯度下抽雄—吐丝期光响应曲线

Fig.7 Effects of different nitrogen fertilizer gradient on the light response curve of photosynthetic response during spinning—tasseling stage in 2019 and 2020

表1 2019,2020年不同氮肥梯度下抽雄—吐丝期光响应曲线模拟参数

Tab.1 Simulation curve parameters of photosynthetic response during spinning—tasseling stage under different nitrogen fertilizer gradient in 2019 and 2020

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	Pmax/ (μmol/(m²·s))	K	Q/ (μmol/(m²·s))	Rd/ (μmol/(m²·s))	LSP/ (μmol/(m²·s))	LCP/ (μmol/(m²·s))	R²
2019	N0	33.182	0.816	0.045	2.019	778.47	44.65	0.995
	N8	35.225	0.702	0.052	1.911	718.23	36.95	0.995
	N12	34.598	0.740	0.052	1.711	696.92	32.84	0.995
	N16	45.620	0.614	0.052	1.467	905.52	28.21	0.996
	N20	38.602	0.775	0.047	1.409	847.21	29.83	0.998
	N24	33.220	0.824	0.046	1.625	750.04	34.98	0.996
2020	N0	28.931	0.966	0.030	2.722	1 055.10	90.73	0.998
	N8	32.609	0.950	0.035	2.978	1 029.93	86.18	0.997
	N12	34.656	0.910	0.035	2.423	1 049.08	68.54	0.997
	N16	52.089	0.734	0.042	2.400	1 107.57	57.14	0.998
	N20	48.945	0.837	0.039	2.531	1 047.79	64.89	0.996
	N24	32.052	0.932	0.034	2.491	1 000.82	73.26	0.998

表2 2019,2020年氮肥梯度对抽雄—吐丝期干物质积累的影响

Tab.2 Effect of nitrogen fertilizer gradient on dry matter accumulation during spinning—tasseling stage in 2019 and 2020g

年份 Year	处理 Treatment	全株干质量 Dry weight per plant	叶干质量 Leaf dry weight	茎干质量 Stem dry weight	穗干质量 Spike dry weight
2019	N0	177.03±5.60d	34.93±0.84c	101.50±5.05c	22.23±0.11bc
	N8	201.50±8.92c	40.57±0.32b	114.50±8.07b	26.36±5.43b
	N12	207.90±13.41c	41.41±1.93b	116.30±9.31b	29.73±0.75ab
	N16	242.55±13.52a	56.28±1.72a	133.70±9.94a	35.30±1.19a
	N20	227.33±21.82b	49.07±3.40ab	126.13±12.69ab	34.33±4.46a
	N24	205.43±17.07c	44.43±2.95b	116.47±4.98b	26.03±5.12b
2020	N0	123.33±17.21c	28.33±4.16c	54.67±8.14d	20.66±2.08b
	N8	198.33±11.85bc	43.00±2.65a	82.67±7.23b	27.14±2.26a
	N12	212.67±8.08b	41.00±3.61ab	78.00±3.60b	27.63±1.32a
	N16	237.67±7.37a	47.00±2.65a	92.00±3.60a	31.04±0.82a
	N20	224.33±14.01ab	40.67±3.79ab	73.33±10.11c	30.06±1.17a
	N24	213.67±16.07b	48.00±2.00a	89.33±3.05a	27.76±1.57a

图8 抽雄—吐丝期光合特性与干物质积累之间的相关热图 AW.全株干物质;LW.叶干质量;SW.茎干质量;EW.穗干质量。^*.P<0.05;^**.P<0.01。

Fig.8 Correlation between photosynthetic characteristics and dry matter accumulation during the spinning—tasseling stage AW.Whole plant dry matter;LW.Leaf dry weight;SW.Stem dry weight; EW.Ear dry weight.^*.P<0.05;^**.P<0.01.

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缓释氮肥施用量对玉米抽雄—吐丝期光合特性及干物质积累的影响

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