果穗大小对玉米机械粒收籽粒破碎率的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194634

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确不同大小果穗穗粒特性对玉米机械粒收籽粒破碎率的影响,以玉米品种先玉1171和正红505为试验材料,将果穗分大穗、中穗和小穗,测定不同收获时期玉米果穗的农艺性状、力学强度、籽粒含水率和籽粒破碎率等指标,探讨不同大小果穗玉米籽粒含水率和力学强度变化规律,分析果穗大小对玉米机械粒收籽粒破碎率的影响。结果表明:随收获期推迟先玉1171籽粒破碎率表现为先降低后略微上升的趋势,正红505表现为下降趋势,品种间籽粒破碎率差异逐渐缩小。各时期小穗机械粒收籽粒破碎率均显著低于中穗和大穗,正红505小穗籽粒破碎率较中穗、大穗分别降低16.98,20.96百分点,先玉1171小穗籽粒破碎率较中穗、大穗分别降低了18.63,22.43百分点。随收获期的推迟玉米籽粒含水率逐渐降低,各时期正红505籽粒含水率均显著高于先玉1711。先玉1171小穗籽粒含水率显著高于中穗和大穗,而正红505小穗籽粒含水率低于中穗和大穗。先玉1171小穗籽粒胚乳穿刺强度多显著低于中穗和大穗;正红505果穗大小间籽粒力学强度差异不显著。相关分析表明,籽粒破碎率与含水率、穗长、穗粗和果穗体积呈显著或极显著正相关,而与籽粒力学强度极显著负相关。适度降低玉米果穗穗长、穗粗和果穗体积,可显著降低机械粒收玉米籽粒破碎率。因此,生产上可通过选择小果穗玉米品种,或通过增密等栽培措施降低果穗大小,是降低机收籽粒破碎率有效措施。

关键词: 玉米, 破碎率, 机械粒收, 含水率, 力学强度

Abstract:

In order to determine the effect of different size ear grain characteristics on the mechanical grain crushing rate of corn,Xianyu 1171 and Zhenghong 505 were used as experimental materials to divide the ear into large ear,middle ear and small ear,and determine the agronomic traits,mechanical strength,grain water content and grain crushing rate of corn ear at different harvest periods.The variation of grain water content and mechanical strength of corn with different size ears was studied,and the effect of ear size on the crushing rate of corn with mechanical grain harvesting was analyzed.The results showed that the grain breakage rate of Xianyu 1171 decreased first and then increased slightly,and the grain breakage rate of Zhenghong 505 decreased,and the difference of grain breakage rate between varieties gradually narrowed.The grain breakage rate of spicles was significantly lower than that of middle ear and big ear, and the grain breakage rate of Zhenghong 505 decreased by 16.98 and 20.96 percentage point compared with that of middle ear and big ear,respectively.The grain breakage rate of Xianyu 1171 decreased by 18.63 and 22.43 percentage point compared with that of middle ear and big ear.The grain water content of Zhenghong 505 was significantly higher than that of Xianyu 1711.The grain water content of Xianyu 1171 was mostly mostly significantly higher than that of middle ear and big ear,while that of Zhenghong 505 was lower than that of middle ear and big ear.The endosperm puncture strength of spicule Xianyu 1171 was mostly significantly lower than that of middle panicle and big panicle,but there was no significant difference in crushing strength.There was no significant difference in grain mechanical strength among panicle sizes of Zhenghong 505.Correlation analysis showed that grain breakage rate was significantly of extremely significantly positively correlated with water content,ear length,ear diameter and ear volume,but extremely significantly negatively correlated with grain mechanical strength.Moderate reduction of ear length,ear diameter and ear volume of corn can significantly reduce the crushing rate of corn grain in mechanical grain harvesting.Therefore,it is an effective measure to reduce grain crushing rate by selecting small ear corn varieties or reducing ear size by increasing density and other cultivation measures.

Key words: Corn, Crushing rate, Mechanical grain yield, Moisture content, Mechanical strength

王寒, 刘举, 楚文聪, 李小龙, 郭宗翔, 蓝天琼, 冯冬菊, 袁继超, 孔凡磊. 果穗大小对玉米机械粒收籽粒破碎率的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2024, 39(S1): 72-80. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194634.

WANG Han, LIU Ju, CHU Wencong, LI Xiaolong, GUO Zongxiang, LAN Tianqiong, FENG Dongju, YUAN Jichao, KONG Fanlei. Effect of Ear Size on the Crushing Rate of Mechanical Corn Harvest[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(S1): 72-80. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194634.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2024/V39/IS1/72

图/表 8

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品种指标 Variety index	先玉1171 XY1171		正红505 ZH505
品种指标 Variety index	穗长/mm Ear length	穗体积/cm³ Panicle volume	穗长/mm Ear length	穗体积/cm³ Panicle volume
大穗Big spike	20.13~19.31	452.34~359.35	20.01~18.23	491.14~382.43
中穗Middle ear	19.81~17.52	353.74~321.85	18.51~16.06	409.31~339.49
小穗Spikelet	18.11~15.36	328.96~261.96	16.63~14.69	356.48~280.05

品种指标 Variety index	先玉1171 XY1171		正红505 ZH505
品种指标 Variety index	穗长/mm Ear length	穗体积/cm³ Panicle volume	穗长/mm Ear length	穗体积/cm³ Panicle volume
大穗Big spike	20.13~19.31	452.34~359.35	20.01~18.23	491.14~382.43
中穗Middle ear	19.81~17.52	353.74~321.85	18.51~16.06	409.31~339.49
小穗Spikelet	18.11~15.36	328.96~261.96	16.63~14.69	356.48~280.05

品种 Variety	处理 Treatments	穗长/cm Ear length	穗粗/mm Ear diameter	果穗体积/mm³ Ear volume	籽粒厚度/mm Grain thickness	穗轴直径/mm Diameter of ear shaft	籽粒容重/(g/L) Grain bulk density	百粒干质量/g 100-grain dry weight
先玉1171	大	20.52±0.59a	48.75±1.90b	384.28±41.97b	4.18±0.12b	28.04±0.31d	681.35±2.04ab	26.35±1.73ab
XY1171	中	18.71±0.87ab	47.99±0.91b	335.82±13.48c	4.24±0.08b	26.28±0.33e	683.79±1.97ab	24.29±0.88b
	小	17.04±0.80bc	47.08±1.75b	290.80±26.55d	4.57±0.24a	25.00±0.68f	684.73±1.88ab	28.48±1.19a
正红505	大	19.05±0.53ab	53.10±1.56a	422.69±38.70a	4.07±0.05b	33.56±0.74a	685.59±1.87a	25.97±0.50ab
ZH505	中	17.60±0.57bc	52.59±0.73a	382.89±32.89b	4.10±0.18b	32.10±0.55b	686.12±1.78a	26.11±1.02ab
	小	15.75±0.73c	52.05±1.50a	336.88±51.09c	4.21±0.20b	30.78±0.73c	687.11±1.71a	26.36±1.72ab

品种 Variety	处理 Treatments	穗长/cm Ear length	穗粗/mm Ear diameter	果穗体积/mm³ Ear volume	籽粒厚度/mm Grain thickness	穗轴直径/mm Diameter of ear shaft	籽粒容重/(g/L) Grain bulk density	百粒干质量/g 100-grain dry weight
先玉1171	大	20.52±0.59a	48.75±1.90b	384.28±41.97b	4.18±0.12b	28.04±0.31d	681.35±2.04ab	26.35±1.73ab
XY1171	中	18.71±0.87ab	47.99±0.91b	335.82±13.48c	4.24±0.08b	26.28±0.33e	683.79±1.97ab	24.29±0.88b
	小	17.04±0.80bc	47.08±1.75b	290.80±26.55d	4.57±0.24a	25.00±0.68f	684.73±1.88ab	28.48±1.19a
正红505	大	19.05±0.53ab	53.10±1.56a	422.69±38.70a	4.07±0.05b	33.56±0.74a	685.59±1.87a	25.97±0.50ab
ZH505	中	17.60±0.57bc	52.59±0.73a	382.89±32.89b	4.10±0.18b	32.10±0.55b	686.12±1.78a	26.11±1.02ab
	小	15.75±0.73c	52.05±1.50a	336.88±51.09c	4.21±0.20b	30.78±0.73c	687.11±1.71a	26.36±1.72ab

指标 Index	破碎率 Breakage rate	含水率 Water content	胚面穿刺强度 Embryo surface puncture strength	顶面压碎强度 Top crushing strength	穗长 Ear length	穗粗 Ear diameter	穗体积 Panicle volume
破碎率Breakage rate	1.000
含水率Water content	0.695^**	1.000
胚面穿刺强度Embryo surface puncture strength	-0.542^**	-0.877^**	1.000
顶面压碎强度Top crushing strength	-0.637^**	-0.818^**	0.849^**	1.000
穗长Ear length	0.438^*	0.086	-0.073	-0.091	1.000
穗粗Ear diameter	0.420^*	0.632^**	-0.484^**	-0.443^*	-0.029	1.000
穗体积Panicle volume	0.626^**	0.471^**	-0.330	-0.322	0.656^**	0.657^**	1.000

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