华北农学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 143-152. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194597

所属专题: 小麦 土壤肥料

• 资源环境・植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄淮北部不同冬小麦品种(系)产量和氮素利用效率差异

王建伟, 李东晓, 王千一, 张明哲, 李瑞奇   

  1. 河北农业大学 农学院,省部共建华北作物改良与调控国家重点实验室,河北省作物生长调控实验室,河北 保定 071001
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-24 出版日期:2024-04-28
  • 通讯作者:
    李瑞奇(1969—),男,河北藁城人,教授,博士,博士生导师,主要从事作物高产高效研究。
  • 作者简介:

    王建伟(1999—),男,河北玉田人,硕士,主要从事作物高产优质的生态生理研究。

  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-03-05); 国家自然科学基金项目(32201908); 河北省自然科学基金项目(C2022204070)

Differences in Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Different Winter Wheat Varieties(Lines)in the North of Huanghuai Region

WANG Jianwei, LI Dongxiao, WANG Qianyi, ZHANG Mingzhe, LI Ruiqi   

  1. College of Agronomy,Hebei Agricultural University,State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation,Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province,Baoding 071001,China
  • Received:2023-10-24 Published:2024-04-28

摘要:

为了研究黄淮北部不同冬小麦品种(系)类型的产量与氮素利用、转运和积累的差异,在2021—2022年,2022—2023年分别对黄淮北部麦区29,26个供试冬小麦品种(系)的产量性状和氮素利用效率进行了调查和分析。通过聚类分析,将小麦分成高产型、中高产型、中产型和低产型4种类型。分别在开花期和成熟期对小麦的茎、叶、穗和籽粒(成熟期)进行氮含量测定,分析氮素利用特性相关参数与产量之间的关系。结果表明,2021—2023年高产型、中高产型、中产型和低产型品种(系)间的平均产量差异显著,其中,高产型品种的公顷穗数显著高于其他3种类型。在开花期,各器官的氮积累量和分配率大小表现为茎鞘>叶片>穗;在成熟期,各器官的氮积累量大小表现为籽粒>茎鞘>穗>叶片。不同品种小麦花后氮素积累量、花前氮素转运量及其对籽粒的贡献率均以高产型品种(系)较高,且花前氮素转运量及其对籽粒的贡献率大于花后氮素积累量及其对籽粒的贡献率。氮素利用效率、氮素收获指数、开花期氮素积累量和成熟期氮素积累量与小麦籽粒产量呈显著正相关。因此,可通过不同品种的氮素吸收转运规律及分配特点进行水肥管理,或者选育氮素利用效率高的小麦品种,以实现小麦高产、高效生产。

关键词: 冬小麦, 品种, 产量, 氮素利用效率, 氮素积累量

Abstract:

In order to study the differences in yield and nitrogen utilization,transport and accumulation of different winter wheat cultivar(line)types in the Northern Huanghuai,the yield traits and nitrogen utilization efficiency of 29 and 26 winter wheat cultivars(lines)for testing in the Northern Huanghuai wheat area were investigated and analyzed in 2021—2022 and 2022—2023,respectively.Through cluster analysis,wheat was classified into four types:high-yielding,medium-high-yielding,medium-yielding and low-yielding.Nitrogen content of wheat stems,leaves,spikes,and grains at maturity were measured at anthesis and maturity,respectively,to analyze the relationship between parameters related to nitrogen utilization traits and yield.The results showed that the average yields among high-yielding,medium-high-yielding,medium-yielding and low-yielding varieties(lines)differed significantly from 2021 to 2023,with the number of spikes per hectare of high-yielding varieties significantly higher than that of other types.At the anthesis stage,the nitrogen accumulation and distribution rate of each organ were stems and sheaths>leaves>spikes;at the maturity stage,the nitrogen accumulation of each organ was grains>stems and sheaths>spikes>leaves.The post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation,pre-anthesis nitrogen transport and its contribution to the grain of different varieties of wheat were higher in high-yielding varieties(lines),and the pre-anthesis nitrogen transport and its contribution to the grain were greater than the post-anthesis nitrogen accumulation and its contribution to the grain.Nitrogen utilization efficiency,nitrogen harvest index,nitrogen accumulation at anthesis and nitrogen accumulation at maturity were significantly and positively correlated with wheat grain yield.Therefore,water and fertilizer management can be carried out through the nitrogen uptake and transfer pattern and distribution characteristics of different varieties,or selecting and breeding wheat varieties with high nitrogen utilization efficiency to achieve high-yield and high-efficiency production of wheat.

Key words: Winter wheat, Variety, Yield, Nitrogen use efficiency, Nitrogen accumulation

引用本文

王建伟, 李东晓, 王千一, 张明哲, 李瑞奇. 黄淮北部不同冬小麦品种(系)产量和氮素利用效率差异[J]. 华北农学报, 2024, 39(2): 143-152. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194597.

WANG Jianwei, LI Dongxiao, WANG Qianyi, ZHANG Mingzhe, LI Ruiqi. Differences in Yield and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Different Winter Wheat Varieties(Lines)in the North of Huanghuai Region[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(2): 143-152. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194597.