不同灌溉施肥组合下添加调理剂对土壤水分养分的影响

doi:10.7668/hbnxb.20194826

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确在添加土壤调理剂基础上不同灌溉施肥组合对张家口坝上地区土壤养分的影响。设置灌溉频率与施肥量和灌水频率与灌水量2个双因素试验,因素一为不同灌水频率:分别是 6 d(D6)、8 d(D8)、10 d(D10);因素二为不同施肥用量:100%施肥(F100)、调理剂+100%施肥(PF100)、调理剂+85%施肥(PF85)、调理剂+70%施肥(PF70);因素三为不同灌水量:100%灌水(W100)、85%灌水(W85)、 70%灌水(W70),共 24 个处理,分析不同灌溉施肥水平对土壤含水量和养分的影响以及各土层间养分的变化规律。结果表明,高频或中频灌水(D6 或 D8)的土壤平均含水量在 0~60 cm 土层中最高。与中频灌水(D8)处理相比,D6处理能够显著提高0~20 cm 土壤有机质以及20~40 cm 土壤全氮和速效钾含量。与常规灌水和施肥(F100和W100)相比,PF100 和PW100 均能够显著提高 0~20 cm 土层土壤含水量、全氮、速效磷、速效钾以及 20~40 cm 土壤平均有机质和硝态氮含量。在添加土壤调理剂基础上减水减肥仍然能够显著提高表层的土壤养分含量。PF85、PW85 或 PF70、PW70 能够显著提高 0~20 cm土层平均土壤有机质(14.4%~19.0%)、全氮(2.2%~11.2%)、速效磷(22.2%~41.7%)、速效钾(4.9%~42.8%)以及 20~40 cm土层平均土壤硝态氮(20.8%~95.0%)含量。通过相关性分析可知,土壤含水量在高频灌水条件下,与有机质、全氮和土壤速效钾(R²=0.081,0.092,0.166)以及在中频灌水条件下,与土壤速效磷和速效钾(R²=0.114,0.153)均呈极显著正相关。综上所述,高频灌溉条件下 100%施肥和 70%灌水+调理剂(PF100D6 和PW70D6)水肥组合对土壤养分的提高为最优,该结果可为我国北方干旱及其他环境相似地区的灌溉施肥优化管理提供科学依据。

关键词: 调理剂, 灌水频率, 施肥量, 灌水量, 土壤含水量, 土壤养分

Abstract:

In order to clarify the effects of different irrigation and fertilization combinations on soil nutrients in Bashang area of Zhangjiakou on the basis of adding soil conditioner.Two two-factor tests were set:irrigation frequency and fertilizer amount,irrigation frequency and irrigation amount.Factor one was different irrigation frequency:6 d(D6),8 d(D8)and 10 d(D10).The second factor was different fertilizer dosage:100% fertilizer(F100),conditioner+100% fertilizer(PF100),conditioner+85% fertilizer(PF85),conditioner+70% fertilizer(PF70).The three factors were different irrigation amounts:100% irrigation(W100),85% irrigation(W85),70% irrigation(W70),a total of 24 treatments.The effects of different irrigation and fertilization levels on soil water content and nutrients as well as the changes of nutrients in different soil layers were analyzed.The results showed that the average water content of soil with high frequency or medium frequency irrigation(D6 or D8)was the highest in 0-60 cm soil layer.Compared with medium frequency irrigation(D8)treatment,D6 treatment could significantly increase the soil organic matter content of 0-20 cm and the total nitrogen and available potassium content of 20-40 cm soil.Compared with conventional irrigation and fertilization(F100 and W100),PF100 and PW100 could significantly increase the average soil water content,total nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium content in 0-20 cm soil layer,and the average organic matter and nitrate nitrogen content in 20-40 cm soil layer.In addition to the soil conditioner,water reduction and weight loss can still significantly increase the surface soil nutrient content.PF85,PW85 or PF70,PW70 could significantly increase the average soil organic matter(14.4%-19.0%),total nitrogen(2.2%-11.2%),available phosphorus(22.2%-41.7%),available potassium(4.9%-42.8%)and the average soil nitrate nitrogen in 20-40 cm soil layer(20.8%-95.0%).The correlation analysis showed that soil water content was positively correlated with organic matter,total nitrogen and soil available potassium(R²=0.081,0.092 and 0.166)under high frequency irrigation and soil available phosphorus and available potassium(R²=0.114 and 0.153)under medium frequency irrigation.In conclusion,the combination of water and fertilizer with 100% fertilization and 70% irrigation+conditioner(PF100D6 and PW70D6)is the best to improve soil nutrients under high-frequency irrigation conditions.The results can provide a scientific basis for the optimal management of irrigation and fertilization in arid northern China and other areas with similar environment.

Key words: Conditioner, Irrigation frequency, Fertilization amount, Irrigation quantity, Soil water content, Soil nutrient

杨金翰, 田小明, 胡晨阳, 索文康, 董萌萌, 郭唯, 郝喜英. 不同灌溉施肥组合下添加调理剂对土壤水分养分的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2024, 39(S1): 175-186. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194826.

YANG Jinhan, TIAN Xiaoming, HU Chenyang, SUO Wenkang, DONG Mengmeng, GUO Wei, HAO Xiying. Effects of Adding Conditioner on Soil Moisture and Nutrients under Different Irrigation and Fertilization Combinations[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2024, 39(S1): 175-186. doi: 10.7668/hbnxb.20194826.

http://www.hbnxb.net/CN/Y2024/V39/IS1/175

图/表 12

图1 2022 年马铃薯全生育期内的降雨量和平均气温

Fig.1 Precipitation and average temperature during the whole growth period of potato in 2022

图2 不同灌溉施肥组合下添加调理剂对土壤 pH 值的影响 D.灌水频率;F.施肥量;W.灌水量;^*.P<0.05;^**.P<0.01.不同小写字母表示同一生育时期不同处理间在 P<0.05 水平上差异显著。图3-9同。

Fig.2 Effect of adding conditioner on soil pH under different irrigation and fertilization combinations D.Irrigation frequency;F.Fertilization amount;W.Irrigation amount;^*.P<0.05;^**.P<0.01.Different lowercase letters indicate that there are significant differences between different treatments at the same growth stage(P<0.05).The same as Fig.3-9.

图3 不同灌溉施肥组合下添加调理剂对土壤电导率的影响

Fig.3 Effect of adding conditioner on soil conductivity under different irrigation and fertilization combinations

图4 不同灌溉施肥组合下添加调理剂对土壤含水量的影响

Fig.4 Effect of adding conditioner on soil water content under different irrigation and fertilization combinations

图5 不同灌溉施肥组合下添加调理剂对土壤有机质的影响

Fig.5 Effect of adding conditioner on soil organic matter under different irrigation and fertilization combinations

图6 不同灌溉施肥组合下添加调理剂对土壤全氮的影响

Fig.6 Effect of adding conditioner on soil total nitrogen under different irrigation and fertilization combinations

图7 不同灌溉施肥组合下添加调理剂对土壤硝态氮含量的影响

Fig.7 Effect of adding conditioner on soil nitrate nitrogen content under different irrigation and fertilization combinations

图8 不同灌溉施肥组合下添加调理剂对土壤速效磷含量的影响

Fig.8 Effect of adding conditioner on soil available phosphorus content under different irrigation and fertilization combinations

图9 不同灌溉施肥组合下添加调理剂对土壤速效钾的影响

Fig.9 Effect of adding conditioner on soil available potassium under different irrigation and fertilization combinations

图10 土壤含水量与土壤养分的相关关系 MC.土壤含水量;EC.土壤电导率;SOM.土壤有机质;TN.土壤全氮;NN.土壤硝态氮;AP.土壤速效磷;AK.土壤速效钾。

Fig.10 Correlation between soil water content and soil nutrients MC.Soil water content;EC.Soil conductivity;SOM.Soil organic matter;TN.Soil total nitrogen;NN.Soil nitrate nitrogen;AP.Soil available phosphorus;AK.Available potassium in soil.

表1 灌水频率和施肥量中各目标值与理想点之间的欧氏距离Si^*和Si^-以及相对距离Ci ^*

Tab.1 Euclidean distance Si^* and Si^- and relative distance Ci^* between each target value and ideal point in irrigation frequency and fertilizer amount

处理 Treatment		Si^*	Si^-	Ci^*	排名 Ranking
D6	F100	4.115	2.674	0.393	12
	PF100	2.682	4.031	0.600	1
	PF85	3.350	3.279	0.494	6
	PF70	3.011	3.538	0.540	3
D8	F100	3.438	3.033	0.468	10
	PF100	3.319	3.137	0.485	9
	PF85	3.041	3.442	0.530	4
	PF70	3.556	3.366	0.486	8
	F100	3.275	3.169	0.491	7
D10	PF100	3.100	3.458	0.527	5
	PF85	3.101	3.734	0.546	2
	PF70	3.514	3.047	0.464	11

表2 灌水频率和灌水量中各目标值与理想点之间的欧氏距离Si^*和Si^-以及相对距离Ci^*

Tab.2 Euclidean distance Si^* and Si^- and relative distance Ci^* between each target value and the ideal point in irrigation frequency and irrigation volume

处理 Treatment		Si^*	Si^-	Ci^*	排名 Ranking
D6	W100	3.699	3.138	0.459	10
	PW100	2.896	3.769	0.565	3
	PW85	3.183	3.279	0.507	8
	PW70	2.670	4.068	0.603	1
	W100	3.694	2.727	0.424	12
D8	PW100	3.237	3.344	0.508	7
	PW85	2.875	3.957	0.579	2
	PW70	3.417	3.282	0.489	9
	W100	3.071	3.428	0.527	5
D10	PW100	3.592	3.001	0.455	11
	PW85	2.961	3.570	0.546	4
	PW70	3.251	3.500	0.518	6

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